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The KCK Trial Resumes

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File:Salem witch2.jpg
One of the predecessors of the KCK trials
              

No more long breaks--the KCK trial will now drive forward with occasional weeklong breaks until the government gets what it wants, I presume.

                It's October 1st. We board the bus from home which begins our three hour trip to the courthouse in Silivri. I have taken a personal day from school to do this, but Delal does this every day. Sometimes she comes back at night, which means 6 hours of traveling every day except Wednesday. And we are one of the lucky families in terms of travel time and logistics. Nevertheless, however fortunate we may be relatively speaking, this whole process is stressful, and has a wear and tear on our lives here that increases with time. It's been two years! On the bus ride, I catch a glimpse of a newspaper article about the government shut down in America and I think of all the hysterical shouting about ‘communism’ and ‘dictatorship’ over this watered-down, anemic health care plan—God forbid the US should ever get a taste of what a real dictatorship is like (or real health care) but these games back home irk me today. How could people there be so blind and ignorant?

                By the time we arrive, the trial has already started. I hear Judge Ali Alçın’s voice as we rush down the hall—he is shrieking in that high pitched nasal voice of his, shouting at the lawyers. When we enter he has just finished and things are settling down. I won’t go into too much detail here—the proceedings are monotonous, the same absurdities dragged out again and again, over an over. Two people give their defense today—no one says the name of the first very clearly (none of us catch it) but the second is a man named Kiyaset Mordeniz. Both are local officials for the BDP. The proceedings are the same. Judge Ali asks ‘You were seen at a political rally on such and such a date, what do you have to say to that?’ And both of them give the same answer, ‘First, I was not at that particular rally, and even if I had been, it would not have constituted a crime because the BDP is a legally recognized political party and as an official, I have a right and duty to attend a rally.’ One piece of evidence is that a picture was taken showing one of the men near a building where a political meeting was taking place. Again--'is being near a building enough to prove I joined the meeting and even if I had...' The mentality if frighteningly stupid.

                At one point, Judge Ali starts to quote a personal phone conversation between Mordeniz and his wife. The lawyers stand one by one and issue their objections, private conversations have no place in the courtroom they insist. But Ali shouts them down—he does this alot today—and proceedings resume with this intimate phonecall between a husband and wife.

                It is clear to me that these people are being tried here for being in the BDP on the State’s assumption that it is equivalent to being a member of the PKK. They are arguing against a mentality capable of seeing the world only in a very rigid and twisted way.  People who oppose the government’s line are trying to divide the country and are terrorists.  Any concession you make to anything they do or say is treason. It’s the mentality of McCarthy, of the Witch Trials, of any of history’s frightening and monsterous purges. It’s all spectral evidence and guilt by association and circumstantial evidence and thought crimes—all the things that democracy has spent the last four centuries trying to stamp out. It's a disease.

                At the breaks, we wave to my father in law. We try to talk over the huge distance but even with shouting it’s impossible to hear anything. And after a minute or so, the guards shove them all out anyway. They must vacate the courtroom during the breaks—no choice, no tolerance, no mercy for those who have no other way to see their loved ones. I am sure in the eyes of the hysterical Judge Ali—our personal devil in all this, our Judge John Hathorne—we are also terrorist witches who must be stamped out forever.

That’s a real dictatorship, kids. The Law doesn’t protect you, it attacks you. The State sees you as the enemy and changes its policies as necessary to punish you, and then uses lies and animadversions to hide what it’s doing. Because you are assumed guilty, anything you do is spun to support that claim and as evidence is not really important, nothing you can say can exonerate you. Nothing is certain—not the fairness of judges or the absoluteness of the Constitution—nothing except that the State will win. Things will always be adjusted to ensure that ending. For those back home playing like this is what you are experiencing, you should hang your heads.

Why I Haven't Posted In So Long

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 No Hay Banda

 
               I have not put up an entry on this blog in months and most likely whatever readership I had garnered is now gone. But there’s not been much to discuss—everything I’ve been writing about just seems to continue on as is, in all its oppressive monotony. How many times can I talk about the comically unjust trials or the increasingly oppressive government? The details of my wife’s father’s trial seem obscene after a while. When I first wrote about them, there was an urgency to communicate just how bizarre they were, as if exposing this absurdity to the light would somehow make it go away. Now I’ve done that and it only gets more bizarre and nothing changes. We are beating our hands against some gigantic rock and expecting it crumble, but it doesn’t of course. And these days of course, Turkey is embroiled in a greater power struggle and the plight of our people languishing in its prisons seems to take a back seat.

                This morning was a beautiful morning. Outside it was overcast. From our balcony we could see the ever increasing skyscrapers in Ataşehir. Someone was operating a jackhammer in the street and so Delal brought out her bağlama and began to sing. She has an incredibly gorgeous voice and there is kind of a twisting in the gut whenever I hear her sing türkü—half the time I would like nothing more than to lay face down in the floor, cover my face and listen to her—the feelings her singing arouses are that strong and that visceral. I expect most would find that a strange reaction. She taught me a song ‘Bitlis’te Beş Minare’ and we sang it together and though I desperately wanted to write, there seemed no better way to spend a morning than singing  with her.

                It made me think of riding in the car with my mother, niece, and her daughter (my grandniece) Linleigh. This was back during my winter break in Alabama. Linleigh was fussy and my mother started humming something  out of her own head. She has a terrible singing voice in the conventional sense—at least when hushing a baby in a car, but there was something  deeply about it then. All of us hushed and listened, and Linleigh herself quited down and fell asleep. I think my mother’s voice carries so much time and memory that the things that make it unmusical—the gravelly quavering tones caused by the accumulation of age and years—are somehow scars that we know most intimately. She sang to me forty years ago and then to my niece 20 years ago and now to Linleigh and there is somehow the memory of all of us as babies, and all of us having passed into adulthood now and all that has passed inbetween. We are three generations all together and no longer children but growing older and older in the presence of this child to whom all his new and unknown and fresh.

                While I was in Alabama, Delal’s Dad’s trial—the Istanbul KCK trial—was supposed to start, but the defendants boycotted it. They were dissolving the special authority courts, went the argument, to this trial no longer had any legitimacy. So proceedings were postponed till April. This didn’t stop them from announcing a decision anyway, on the day the trial would have ended.  7 people were released. No trial but a decision. No defense presented but a release. It was made clear, yet again, that the legal process was a mere formality. There was a script to follow. Decisions had already been made and these 7 were going to be released no matter what happened in the courtroom. And whose decision was it? The followers of the Gülen cult who are everywhere planted in the judicial system? Or those loyal to the increasingly dictatorial Prime Minister? Or was this a relic of their cooperation back in the old days that no one was going to take care of because one thing that they can all agree on is fuck the Kurds.

                We had a teacher’s meeting the other day. They are called ŞÖK meetings—where all the teachers of one class get together and discuss the students one by one. There’s one boy in my eighth grade class who is rather mouthy, bright but lazy, and generally a pain in the ass to manage. I’m fond of him, though. I like him because he’s witty, because he doesn’t just swallow whatever he’s told, and because he can be quite original. One teacher offers this as an explanation for his behavior problems-- ‘Well, his mother is from the Southeast. Perhaps that blood is the source of things.’ ‘From the Southeast’ is shorthand for ‘Kurd’ when you don’t believe that any race exists except Turks. I couldn’t believe I’d heard what I’d heard—it seemed so ridiculous, especially coming from a teacher, an adult, a person whose job it was to care for these kids. But this kind of racism is so common that no one even thinks to comment on it. And that is an oppressive thing to deal with.

There are constant little indignities that we swallow that seem such a waste of breath to explain somehow. Like how Delal’s dad is brought in handcuffs to the hospital for his check up. A sixty one year old man handcuffed as if he were a dangerous criminal—which of course they are trying to pretend he is with this kangaroo court. Handcuffed to get treatment for diabetes and kidney problems.

So I haven’t felt like writing much because it’s only the same old same old over and over again and you begin to feel sick that nothing changes, that there is something hopelessly toxic about society, that explaining it to anyone is not only useless but somehow obscene. And while a lot of what happened in the protests last year gave me cause to hope for something better—the turn out from all sections of society for the Gay Pride Parade for instance and the the emergence of all sorts of neighborhood organizations trying to build a way of life quite different for themselves—the grander sweep of national and world events makes me think that only ignorance and perfidy and skulduggery prevails, and it prevails indefinitely.

And the next time I write and post a blog—I think it will either be news of my father-in-law’s release or else some short comic sketch. Something that will break with all I have written before and make it irrelevant.
 

Conag at Election Time With A Side Trip to Harput

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A flowering almond (?) tree in Harput

 
WINTER CONAG, HARPUT, AND THE GREAT ELECTION FIASCO OF 2014


 


Restored House in Harput--The Şefik Gül Kültür Evi

                A lifetime of Social Studies lessons with my old history teacher Mrs. Gibble could not teach me as much as just one week of living in Turkey. I’d intended this rather naively to be a simple travelogue of my recent travels to Harput, an ancient city outside Elazığ, and then on to Delal’s village of Conag for the elections, but one cannot avoid some sort of tragedy or atrocity or the memory thereof once you go East. So I apologize ahead of time—for all the heavy stuff to follow.

It’s been a whirlwind week—last Wednesday, Delal’s phone started getting a storm of messages at around 3:30 in the morning. 37 people in the KCK trial her father, Kemal Seven, is enmired in were released! We were quick to learn that her father was not one of them, but rather one of the 34 the court deemed likely to ‘run way’ if they were let out. There was no explanation for why it happened. Apparently the lucky ones were simply approached by the guards, told they would be let out that day “and very soon at that, so get your stuff packed.” They were kicked out (don’t let the door hit you as you go out) into the pouring rain with no reporters, no supporters, and more importantly, no car waiting for them to carry them from the prison’s remote location in Silivri’s farmland to home or at least to Istanbul—over an hour’s drive away—or anywhere not dark and wet and cold. After some phone calls begged from the guard at the gate, they arranged a ride and showed up on their families’ doorstep just as they had been taken away—in the middle of the night and unannounced. And why? Who knows? This is Erdoğan and Fethullah’s (increasingly  more Erdoğan’s) Turkey and like Cartman or that nasty little toddler in the Tylenol commercial, they can do whatever they want, however they want, whenever they want.  And they’ll cover their asses with news blackouts, misinformation, finger pointing (they’re too dangerous to let go) like they have for centuries.

                Local elections were also this week—when all of Turkey would be selecting its mayors, governors, city council members and village headmen (muhtar). It was considered a vote of confidence on the increasingly authoritarian AKP government and saw a record campaign effort, a record turn out, and a record level of tension. This was after Gezi, after the mob attacks on the Kurdish affiliated HDP party, after the corruption scandals and mass arrests and mass releases of convicted murderers. So Delal and I went to the village, where she is registered, so that she could vote. Because of work, I couldn’t leave on the same day as her, so I flew out on Friday and spent a day wandering around the old city of Harput before catching a bus to Conag.

The famed Urartu fortress of Harput
The lampposts of Harput--in front of an abandoned house
Harput was a nice breather—it’s a centuries, if not millenia-old town on top of a hill just outside the newer concrete city of Elazığ. It commands a sweeping view of the lake ofthe  Keban Dam and the snow-peaked mountains to the East and North—where Dersim lies. The town is like a nostalgiac illusion from a photograph taken centuries ago, with traditional stone houses, a thousand year old mosque, tombs of Muslim saints, flowering almond and apple trees and huge sycamores centuries old. The Great Mosque is a graceful little building from a different age, with a leaning minaret and a courtyard open to the sky—totally unlike any mosque I have ever seen, with no minbar and a design not focused on the kible. It’s surrounded by pink-flowering almond trees and on the East side has a gigantic sycamore erupting through the cement—it’s trunk split in two and bent, like two elbows, as if the tree itself were performing the namaz.

An old sycamore that I thought looked like an elephant (the right one)

A flowering almond in front of an old Harput house
The praying sycamore at the Ulu Camii (Great Mosque)
Across the square from the mosque, commanding a view of Elazığ on the plains below are the dramatic ruins of what was once an Urartu Fortress, dating back some 3000 years ago. You can still wander around its battlements and if you are willing to climb over a gate—as some teenagers and I did, you can plunge down a flight of stairs cut into the rock and explore the pitch black dungeons below.  

The leaning minaret of the Ulu Camii (Great Mosque)
 Harput also is the site of the Syriac Church of Ancient Mary (Kadim Meryem Kilisesi) which sits on a cliff just below the fortress. The church is a rock-walled cube completely sealed off from the world with only a few irregularly shaped windows placed high in the North wall. I climbed all over it and even skirted the walls that overlook a rocky ravine, but I could find no entrance. Upon reading some of Pat Yale’s articles, I found out it had been sealed up for a while now. According to the church’s Facebook site, it dates back to 179 AD—and is thus one of the oldest Christian churches in the world. In fact, a quick, unacademic seach on the internet turned up none older. The Santa Maria in Trestevere located in Rome is, according to Ask.com, the oldest, but it was built in 220 AD. The Duro-Europos Church in Syria is the oldest according to several websites and dates back only to 235 AD.  So if the claim of local Assyrians is true—this is easily the most ancient church in the world, and still in use on special occasions if their Facebook pictures can be believed.

The mosaic of dolphins at the church--no explanation

 

 

But I knew none of this when I was scaling the walls looking for a way in. There was a church. It was in the tour books. There had to be a way in. Two Kurdish guys joined me in my quest and, as we scrambled over rocks together (maybe there’s a door on the wall of this sheer drop) I heard them mumbling about what a shame it was that there was nothing here to explain anything—not even a historical marker. “History is always hidden here in the East,” one of them said. And it was at that point that I looked down into the ravine and and noticed the ruins of another building at the bottom. Wondering if I had somehow misunderstood and this new building was the church I was hunting for, I started down the goat paths to explore. I have a picture from the bottom of the ravine showing a collapsed wall and a vast slope of stone and bramble. When I Googled a picture of ancient Harput I turned up a photograph that showed this same slope, only crowded with buildings. The church and the ruins I had hiked to were all that was left of the old Christian Quarter of Harput—called Kharpert by the Armenians.
The view up the now empty hill toward the church and fortress

 
I got a shiver when I saw the picture. It reminded me that Harput had been at the center of the Armenian (and Syriac) Genocide every bit as much as Auschwitz had been part of the Jewish one. Many of the pictures of the famous photographer of the Genocide, Armin Wegner, are from Harput. I won’t reprint them here—it takes a strong constitution to look at them, but here and here is a link. On the very stones I had scrambled over starving Armenian children had laid down to die.
 

Subsequent research made me rather unsure about the church—after history was so thoroughly obliterated in 1915 (and then again so many times it’s hard to count, 1938 and then from the 80s onward there was another memory black out as the government waged its war against the PKK) the real story of the church could easily have gotten lost in the chaos. I found this picture on a sight of old Harput photographs showing the church of Church of Surp Asdvadzadzin (the Holy Mother of God)in the Assyrian district of Kharpert (Harput). But another website detailing the travels of some descendants of Armenian survivors of the Harput massacres say this name belonged to a huge monastery and that it has been reduced to rubble, but that the churches of St. Paul and St. Peter were still standing but used for storage by the municipality. Or this young Armenian woman who visited Harput--one of the comments says the church was Armenian and bought by the Assyrians.

As usual—there is no straightforward reliable historical account as no one is really interested in letting all those skeletons out of the closet. And so, as in Conag itself, there is all this unexplained past, deliberately erased and forcibly expunged from memory.

Edwin Bliss wrote a book called Turkey and the Armenian Atrocitiesthat describe the sack Harput. A mob of Kurdish bandits appear from the North and East to attack the city—which the Ottoman government claims, of course, to have absolutely no control over. They are spontaneously enraged locals who are taking the law into their own hands due to rumors of Armenian insurrection. One eye witness says the approaching Kurds seemed to be ‘bent on destroying every last building.’ (Is that why this hill along the ravine has been completely denuded?) The eye-witness goes on to say

“The next morning after the attack, the Turkish military commander advised and urged leaving the college building, saying: ‘I can’t protect you here.’ Mr. Barnum (an American doctor) replied: ‘ The time has come for plain talk. I saw you standing on the hill there yesterday when our houses were plundered and burned, and you did nothing to prevent it.’ He also speaks of the ‘redifs’ who were Turkish soldiers disguised as Kurds. In other words, official members of the military pretending to be enraged members of a mob.
Elazığ (once called Mezire) on the planes below

The view of the Keban Dam Lake from the Fortress
There is a great continuity in all this—how is the mentality actually changed since the destruction of Harput in 1915? How many Kurdish villagers have I met or read about who tell about Turkish soldiers visiting them during the day and then returning to sack the village at night, but this time dressed as PKK guerillas? Or how about the undercover cops we’ve seen dressed as protesters who either lead or set off violence?
When I think of the Kurds now in prison—being released bit by bit but nevertheless being tried for made-up crimes by a government that in the press pretends to be defending them (like the soldier in Harput pretending to defend Dr. Barnum or the Government in Istanbul denouncing the very atrocities it was instigating with secret telegrams). It outwardly pushes for a peace process by word but not by deed, and this after decades upon decades of secret assassinations, mass graves ,burned villages and forced exile all under the justification of cleaning up ‘baby-killers and terrorists bent on splitting an independent homeland from the Turkish motherland’. I think of the Armenians in the early 20th century who were accused of terrorism for petitioning the government for the right to testify against a Muslim in court. In Kiğı, for instance, ağas could use all sorts of duplicity to steal land (both Kurdish and Armenian) and the Armenian could not sue--if they tried, they were labeled 'instigators of insurrection.' The eye witness I cited above spends the first few paragraphs of his account begging the reader to understand that the Armenians of Harput were not rebellious, were not terrorists, were not revolting against the goverment, because those same excuses were being used to burn their villages and drive them into exile and justify mass execution.
Or consider the ‘spontaneous’ mob attacks on all the buildings these past few weeks of the Kurdish affiliated HDP Party (or the ‘spontaneous mobs’ that drove out the Greeks in 1955) and all the rumors that the government orchestrated the whole thing—I think again of those soldiers who had orchestrated the Armenian massacres and pretended to be helpless against them. And all of these atrocities are covered up at the government’s command using the official news media (which I think now everyone understands is completely untrustworthy) the official government reports (ditto) and finger pointing. They were actually attacking us, you see? Poor us. The Dersimlis are savages. The Greeks are trying to overthrow the government. The Kurds are trying to split the motherland. The Armenians were trying to destroy the Empire. And anyone, like me, who doesn’t agree or at least wants to look at it more complexly and honestly is a foreigner who simply can’t understand the truth, or is lying, or is a propagandist for the enemy or trying to divide Turkey.

So on to Conag.

I woke up early to catch the first dolmuş from Elazığ to Karakoçan and from there, to Conag. On a whim, as I rode out I scribbled down the names of the roadside villages to look up later. My whim turns out to be prescient. In another passage from Bliss’s book, he quotes the same eye-witness:

We were surrounded for a week or ten days by a cordon of burning villages on the plain. Gradually the cordon of fire and fiendish savages drew nearer the city. The attack in the city was planned for Sunday.’

As I traveled by minibus toward Karakoçan on the Elazığ, Bingöl road I passed by several villages on the roadside that had all once been Armenian. Were these then that ‘cordon of burning villages’? Along the edge of the lake you pass Yukarıbağ with its little rest stop and market, once the village of Şeyhhacı with a population of over 600 Armenians and 258 Turks.  After the bridge over the dam lake you pass Muratbağ, once Gülişger.  There’s also Elmapınarı (once Verin Ağntsig), Güntaşı (once Köğvenk) and İçme, of which Bliss writes ‘Survivors are considered Moslems. Males are assembled in church, led out, and made to choose Islam or death. Protestant pastor killed. ‘ A picture of the church and congregation of the now long dead and gone İçme Armenians can be found here. These villages all little clusters of concrete houses and nondescript fields against the background of the lake. These were the villages whose fiery destruction lit the planes and splled the doom for the Armenians in Harput.
Election flags for the BDP against the snowy Mt. Taru (Mt. Silbus is lost in the mist)


 
I had never been to Conag outside of the summer and so I was thrilled to see these mountains in the Spring. In Karakoçan, I was picked up by the village driver, Şerafettin Abi, and as we pulled out of Karakoçan and started winding up into the mountains along the Peri River, I caught a vision of the famed Mount Silbus covered in snow.  The rocky canyons and ravines which in the summer were all earthy browns were now covered in green lichens and moss. Most of the trees, however, still had no leaves and so the usual splash of green from the poplars and pines and mulberries was absent—it was all wet earth colors, clay reds and deep maroons and orange-browns.

                Dede’s house was cold and we kept it heated with a wood stove. On the morning of the election we woke up to a blizzard. The winds howled down off of the mountains so loud that it sounded like a train barrelling down on us, and snow had piled up on the balcony outside. The valley below was invisible in the white winds. Dede and I sat around the stove during breakfast as he ran through all the local snow stories he knew.
Dede's house in the snow
 

                On March 15th back in the 40s (and this one I’d heard), two teachers from Trakya were busily getting the newly built village school ready for classes when an avanlanche swept down off the mountain and carried away part of the building. ‘We found one of the teachers down by the fountain below the village,’ Dede explained. ‘The other we’d given up for dead, but we went up to the school anyway and started digging in the snow. When the avalanche hit he had been writing on a paper pressed to the wall ‘March 15th, Snow Storm Hits’. And that’s exactly how we found him, nearly frozen to death with that paper still against the wall and his hand frozen to the pen! But alive!’

The hill above the spring and the wind screaming down the slope
                Or the story of the ‘Caravan Breaker’ (Kevrankıran in Dede’s words, though it probably should be Kervankıran) which is what he says the old ones called the Milky Way. ‘You see,’ he explained, ‘In the winter, the caravans would start off at the light of the morning star (Venus) because they knew that dawn was coming, but one night, they woke up to a great light in the sky, and thinking it the sign of morning, they set out. But morning was still far off and the caravan was caught in a terrible snow storm and utterly destroyed. The light in the sky was the Milky Way. They had mistaken it for the morning star.’

The snow off the balcony
                And he ended with the story of Aunt Suzan who came back to the village for her mother’s (and Dede’s wife’s) funeral. The day before she was going to leave, a blizzard hit, and she and her entire family were stuck for two weeks in Conag. ‘There were twenty of us!’ Dede says, ‘All closed up behind the snows in this house! But those were back in the days when the house was alive. My wife had dried food everywhere—kavurma and dried vegetables and honey and dried fruits.’

The view down toward the village center

A dog by the road winding up the mountain
                He ended with this story, I think, because he was thinking the same thing might be about to happen. I watched worriedly as the snow piled up outside.
 


                I spent the afternoon in Yayladere (Xolxol) the town up above Conag. The voting precincts were located here. Delal was an election monitor in the Yayladere high school (boasting 20 students) which housed 7 ballot boxes. We learned alot about Yayladere. First of all, there were a little over 500 registered voters, and half of those were soldiers and police, none of whom were from the town. As a result, the military has control not only of security but of the politics. And their influence extends far. Some of the BDP election workers we talked to said many of the people said they wanted to vote for the Kurdish party (the BDP) but were afraid to. There's a 3 decade long military presence here, complete with harassment and assimilation policies, and that isn't going to go away overnight. And despite government assurances, the pressure seems to be increasing out. Security cameras (called Mobese) have been set up on the road to the village since last year—God knows why, we waved at them every time we rode by—and several new military bases (karakols) have been built in the area despite government denials.

                We saw all sorts of trickery and deception that day. There were bribes of course. One of the ballot box chairmans told everyone who came in to vote for the AKP before he was told to stop (by Delal). One woman took it upon herself to guide in all the elderly, and was caught going into the ballot box with a man from our village, pushing his hand toward the CHP box despite his repeated requests for the BDP (The CHP was the overwhelming choice of the soldiers out here). Later into the evening, after polls had closed and counting was underway in larger cities, the electricity suddenly went off in both the village and in town, and it didn’t come back on till the next day. There were power outages at ballot-counting time in 22 different provinces of Turkey that night (all blamed by the Minister of Energy on a cat in Ankara). From Bingöl we got reports of stolen ballot boxes and in the days since the election, piles of burnt ballots have been found all over the country. In Istanbul, in Bakırköy, an empty apartment was listed as having 40 registered voters. A man in Zonguldak found out that there 2 imaginary roommates living with him who had somehow voted that day. I am sure the AKP would have made a killing without all the election fixing, but there were some close races in which it probably made a difference.

                So there is the update on my life which seems to be a Social Studies lesson eternally out in the field. And as both Twitter and You Tube are banned (wait, I just found out Twitter is back up!), as more and more meddling is revealed in the recent elections, as the sneaky military influence increases back in Conag—I wonder how many more lessons I have to learn.  

On the Lycian Way--Part 1

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This picture--and several others--is by Delal
My plan, folks, is this: A photo essay of Delal's and my Spring Break trip hiking the Lycian Way. For once, there will be a minimum of political agitation and what-not and more pretty pictures. Hopefully some of our discoveries will help other hapless hikers to avoid the mistakes we made. So, the Lycian Way (in Turkish the Likya Yolu) is a series of hiking trails marked with red and white blazes (like the Appalachian Trail back home) that stretches from Fethiye to Antalya. It was mapped out by English woman, Kate Clow, whose book is the authority on the series of trails. We could not locate an English copy in Istanbul and so we were making our way with the Turkish copy--badly translated at some points, so much so that we were led astray. A rock wall and a stone wall, for example, completely different things--one being a sheer rock face like a wall and the other being a wall made by humans of stones--are both translated as taş duvarı. So when you go desperately looking for that stone wall and find only sheer rock faces--well you might be in the right place.
 
Here we are at the starting gate outside of Ovacık-the actual road is on the right and does not go under the stupid gate at all.
 
 
Now some background--the Lycians were one of the ancient people of Anatolia. Herodotus--the first Historian of equally ancient Greece--claimed they migrated from Crete. The Egyptians mentioned them as early as 2000 BC. They were also involved in the Trojan war. They originally occupied the mountains of Southwest Anatolia and the trails of the Lycian way wander through the borders and among the ruins of this long-lost country. In later years they were incorporated first into the Greek Empire and then the Roman Empire. I imagine their descendants are still running around these mountains today. 
 
 
At the starting point near the Sultan Motel--the mountains behind in the morning mists are where we're headed
We started at the town of Ovacık, just outside of Fethiye (a 3.50TL bus ride from the Fethiye otogar) at a pension that prides itself on being the starting point of the trail--the Sultan Motel (www.sultanmotel.com). Rooms were clean, breakfast good, and the manager very helpful. In summer, they have a pool with beautiful views of the Mediterranean. Price for a double, including breakfast, was 60TL--about 30 dollars at today's rate (off season).
 
Before heading off on the trail itself we decided to take a side trip to a place called Kayaköy in Turkish, Levissi in Greek. It is (was) a Greek village rising up the hillside about a 7 kilometer (4 mile) walk from the Sultan. In 1923, the people of Levissi, like the Greeks all over Turkey were forced to go to Greece, taking with them only what they could carry. Turks in Greece were similarly being kicked out in an agreement between the two countries politely called 'The Population Exchange' in English, or Mübadele in Turkish.
 
 

A view of Kayaköy/Levissi from the top of the hill overlooking an old well
 
When I tried to dig up a few facts to put in this blog entry--I ran into the usual problems digging for information about minorities in Turkey. There are so many partisans, biases, and people unintentionally spreading misinformation that it's hard to know what's right. For example, the English Wikipedia claims that the deserted village has 500 houses. Frommers travel company puts the number at 3500. The Turkish version of Wiki says there were only 40 (just from the picture above, it's clear how wildly inaccurate THAT number is.) The Lonely Planet claims 2000-but who knows where the hell that number comes from. In any case, it's huge. Endless streets of abandoned houses, stores and churches.
 

The only residents of Levissi these days are the sheep
We walked there down a forest road, though you could take a minibus. The ruins started well before the protected area itself. Little clusters of stone cottages dotted the fields, overgrown with daisies and bright red poppies. I was expecting maybe a similar, if somewhat larger cluster of ruins but was completely overwhelmed by what I saw--a ghost city, the stones of the streets worn smoothe by the feet of so many visitors. You can see the ovens of the residents--Ottoman style, and the silhouettes of vanished stair cases. There is a church still standing and small chapels with slowly shattering mosaics. You find wells and cisterns and long walls winding along avenues paved with marble stones--but no people. It's somehow all the more haunting that it is not ancient like every other set of ruins here--the desolation is not even a hundred years old.



Another view from the top of the hill
The original city here was probably called Karmylassos (Carmylessus), a Lycian city, and was written about by Strabo, another Classical historian. There are Lycian tombs dating back to the 4th century BC nearby. A new Greek settlement called Levissi was built here probably in the 1700s. As with the number of houses, I found a lot of contradicting (let's call it creative) dates but after filtering out all the nonsense--most agree that Livissi was built in the 18th century, destroyed by an earthquake in the 19th and subsequently rebuilt. (Many sources don't know about the original 1700s village it seems.)


You can see some of the original blue and red paint everywhere
When the Greeks left, they rebuilt a city near Athens called Nea Makri--(New Makri, Makri being the former name of Fethiye). In Nea Makri is apparently a neighborhood called Livissi. This is a moving article about the grandson of two of Livissi's residents coming back to get to know the old lost home. 'My grandmother was about 22 or 23 in 1923,' he writes, 'And my grandfather was one year older. When they learnt what was going to happen to them she walked with her mother and sister down to Makri. She had left her two children but when she returned to collect them she couldn’t find them. She had to walk back to Makri alone.' They spend the next years searching for those children. He says his grandparents told him how kind their Turkish neighbors were and how a friend even left their daughter with a Turkish family, afraid of what might happen to them on their journey to Greece.

Through windows into more windows

One of the remaining churches



The fig trees are ripping the buildings apart

The town is filled with gigantic fig trees. Their roots dig into walls and crack them apart, uplift streets and split apart entire houses. They've taken over everything. Not surprisingly the fig is a relative of the banyan tree I saw tearing apart the ruins of Angkor Wat.


The wall of one of the chapels in Livissi--broken mosaics were still inside

 

 
A bit frightening is that the Ministry of Culture has plans to develop Livissi--they want to put up a 300 bed 'accomodation facility' and have sold the rights (remember this is a national treasure--one wonders about the word 'sold') for restoration to the same company that wants to build the accomodation facility. One only need look outside my window at the rampant, unchecked and ugly development to get an idea of what the Ministry of Culture has in mind.
 
 

The next day, we started our hike proper. We walked out of the Sultan Motel and up the hill toward the Montana Hotel. There we found the absurdly misplaced gate for the start of the Lycian Way--if we had passed under it we would have ended up in a bunch of bushes. The real road starts from the right and follows a dirt road, past some new villas being constructed and then up a narrow rocky path into the mountains, hugging a ledge that overlooks the Ölüdeniz and the deep turquoise blue of the Mediterrannean Sea. Spring flowers were everywhere, white daisies and bright red poppies and little purple and yellow wildflowers. You wind on and on, up and around the cliffs with breathtaking views of the water below.

 
Once we'd rounded the cliffs, we ran into a chubby woman tending a heard of baby and adolescent goats. The woman's name was Enzel, and she let me hold one of the littlest ones, just five days old. We asked her if she had any goat's milk ayran for sale--she said not for sale, but if we wanted we could follow the path to her village and stop by her house. She'd be happy to pour us a cup. It had never occurred to her, apparently, to sell goat's milk anything to tourists. We started toward her village--our destination anyway--stopping here and there for pictures, while she, after feeding her animals and doing who-knows-what chores, easily caught up with us, passed us, and told us to meet her on the last house to the right as we left the village. Done.


The road leading into the village of Kozağaç (Walnut Tree)

My wife wanted me to make sure that when I wrote this entry, I urged people to talk to the villagers they meet. Most don't speak English (take the time to learn a little small talk in Turkish--how are you, what's your name--it goes a long way) but they are friendly, curious, and as Delal says--it seems a shame to plunge into the heart of this country and not know anything about the people who live there. The last bit of road to Kozağaç winds past some villas that have never left the construction stage--we found a family of sheep occupying one rather choice house. The pine woods have dramatic views of Mt. Baba however and everywhere we looked we seemed to see turtles and butterflies.


Kozağaç Village
 
Enzel had three daughters and a son all playing on a hammock when we arrived--swinging it dangerously over a ledge that dropped off the back porch. One of her daughters Buşra, abandoned the game as too 'dangerous' and came to listen to us talk to her mother. 'Don't you want to have fun!?' one of her sisters called as she swung her brother spinning and squealing into the sky. Buşra turned up her nose, 'Having fun is stupid.' The little girl explained how they had built sleds out of giant jugs and used them to slide down a hill covered with pine needles. Her mother Enzel brought us out two cold glasses of goat-milk ayran and she told us about the seasons in Kozağaç--how the little spot in front of her house turned into a pond during the rains and about the tourists who started coming fifteen years ago. There are some houses in the village with signs out--serving food, mostly gözleme, and either tea or soda. People have gotten use to all the foreigners hiking through.


Here is me standing in front of Mt. Baba. People paraglide off its peak and the parachutes passed over us as we walked

We bid Enzel good bye--paying her a bit for the ayran and continued walking around the sheer western face of Mt. Baba. The road passed pretty little fields filled with yellow flowers until it finally hit the village of Kirme--a nondescript little place with a fountain swarming with bees. Here is where we made one of our first mistakes.

A field outside of Kirme
A word of advice--if you don't see the red and white blazes after a few minutes--you're going the wrong way! We passsed a small wooden hut, described in the guidebook, and then saw a red and yellow blaze on a tree leading into the forest. This being notoriously inconsistent Turkey, we figured somebody had run out of white paint and started using yellow, and so we followed the red and yellow marks down a dry stream bed and up a steep mountain slope. The terrain was interesting--the pine trees here dripped sap everywhere. The leaves of all the other plants glistened with drops of it. The tree trunks, the ground, the boulders were all pitch black with pine-sap. It looked like the forest had been burnt. The green of the spring leaves positively glowed against the black. Little purple flowers popped up everywhere and there was a tree with a bright orangeish red trunk.
 
The green against the black sap covered forest
We climbed a series of boulders and then rested by a gigantic outcropping of rock. I fell asleep, utterly exhausted. When I awoke up, the day was cooler. It was starting to get dark, and we realized we'd been sleeping by a rock filled with Lycian tombs. Enchantment? Rip Van Winkle spells? We kept climbing strangely enough, at least another thirty minutes, until something just finally felt wrong. There were caves and more tombs, none of which was mentioned in the book, and the trail was winding in the opposite direction toward the peak of Mt. Baba!
Purple wildflowers with red tree trunk in the background
We retraced our steps--all the way back down to the last red and white blaze we had seen. Despite what I said about being off the path when you don't see one of the signs, this is one place that's not true--not a mark in sight! After the wooden building you continue on the main road. It will curve right then left. There are no markings here at all either--but a smaller road will veer off to the right through a gate and down a shaded little path along a stone wall. You should go through the gate and follow the wall past little gardens and fields. You will finally see a red and white blaze after walking several minutes on this road. Later we found out that the red and yellow blazes are for a completely separate trail that winds over the mountain peaks.

Our hotel room at George's Pension in Faralya
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Our final destination for the night was the village of Faralya which sits on the cliff above the famous Butterfly Valley (despite everyone saying how dangerous this climb was, most hikers we met had done it and said it was their favorite part of their trip). The grocery was closed when we arrived around 6. There are no ATMs here--nor anywhere along this trail so make sure you have cash. We stayed at George's Pension for 60 lira a person. (It's only 50 if you're willing to share a bathroom and shower). This included dinner and breakfast.  An old man sitting at a cafe assured us George's was the cheapest but I'm not sure--Gül Pension up the trail and Melisa Pension might have been cheaper. But George's commands a fantastic view over the Med and Butterfly Valley and was clean, so it did us just fine. This days hike with lots of resting took us 8 hours--but that was with our more than one hour detour and nap down the wrong trail.

The forest up from Faralya

The hike the next day took us only four hours and was easily one of the more beautiful parts of the trail. It stayed mostly in the forest, away from the villas and construction of the day before and wound through pretty fields and pastures and around a cliff overlooking the sea. I saw a snake once sunning on a rock--a gigantic greenish brown fellow, but he ran from me.

No marks here--go left! This is about an hour before Kabak
One odd thing about the forest is that it's literally humming with bees--our first two days were spent walking amidst a constant buzzing. The other constant is the bleating of goats--this animals are everwhere, staring blankly at you as you walk through their grazing land. We reached another fork in the road this day where no red and white blazes told us where to go. In the picture above you can see it. You're supposed to go left.
 
Another strange thing we saw in the pines were these balls of what looked like spider webs filled with pine pollen. But on closer inspection, the pine pollen were dozens of catepillars and the webs were silk-like nests. These are pine processionary catepillars-cleverly adapted ravagers of pine trees. Their hairs will sting and irritate the skin so don't touch!
Pine Processionary Catepillars (thanks Catherine Yiğit!) or çam kese böcekler. They hurt the pines and their hairs cause severe irritation--DONT TOUCH!

At some point, the trail abruptly leaves the main road and plunges into the woods to your left. There are little cairns of rocks to warn you of the entrance and of course, a red and white blaze at ground level. Be careful, it's easy to miss. From here, you wind down into Kabak, which, out of season has no ATMs or credit card machines so BRING GASH. From the main town you have to hike down to the beach and the pensions there. We stayed in the Natural Life Pension--one of the few open in April. It was 50TL a person for breakfast, dinner, and a room in a cabin with a great view of both mountains and sea. The food was amazing--I think they had a real chef preparing everything. The roast chicken was juicy and tender--normally I don't rave about chicken but the cook had a magic touch.

Our cabin at the Natural Life Pension


Kabak is a secluded cove accessible only by the long hike from the top of the cliffs. The water is turquoise blue and was maybe 16 degrees (about 62) when we were there--very swimmable. Behind the cove are stunning, precipitous cliffs of red, maroon and orange rock. The Natural Life had swings and hammocks and lots of sneaky cats. The people running it were unobtrusively helpful--they let us use their internet and gave us some nice tips along the next stage of the trail.

The cove on Kabak's beach

The mountain and sky behind our cabin

The trail normally runs up the beach and then winds straight up the cliff, but the guys at Natural Life recommended a short cut that leads up to a waterfall. We zigzagged up a dry stream bed. We heard the waterfall but never found it--and kept winding back and forth up the 800 meter cliffs. The views were breathtaking. At one point the path passes into a gorge and then continues up and even steeper cliff face.

The entrance to a gorge-Delikkaya

View along the path to Alınca Village


Be warned. This trail is hard--it goes up and up and up and then up some more. We climbed straight up for nearly four hours. The views are utterly out of this world, but once you arrive in Alınca it's time for a break. We stopped at Bayram's house for two plates of menemen, salad, rice and ayran (the woman charged us 25TL). There was a farmer at the entrance to the village who invited us in for tea--we probably should have gone with him instead in terms of price. There are several pensions in Alınca. The Dervish Pension is run by friends of the Natural Life guys. You might want to have them call ahead or at least give you the number because people were out when we arrived, but the Dervish has a fantastic wooden deck that overlooks the dizzing view down to the sea.

We decided to hike to the village of Gey, another four hours away. The owner of Bayram's told us to take the main asphalt road instead of the trail as the main trail might be too dangerous if it rained. The road would connect back up with the Lycian way a mile or so down. On the way out of Alınca I saw a phenomenon I had only ever read about in dry science text books. The moist hot air from the sea was rising hard up the cliff face until it met the cold air in the mountains where it instantly turned into rain clouds. We stood and watched rain clouds form out of thin air for about ten minutes.

The formation of rain clouds outside of Alınca
We had to walk a while before we caught up with the Lycian Way again--we stopped at house and asked a man sitting on the porch if we were on the right path. He didn't answer us right away, but came walking out, introduced himself as Yusuf and asked our names. 'Ah yes,' he said, 'This is the season for the Lycian Way.' The pleasantries seemed important. Then he explained that if we cut across the fields to the ruins of the Ottoman sarnıç, we'd see a sign connecting us to the trail. Which is what we did--crossing fields filled with tall grass and daisies until we hit the main path again, winding up and up and up. My legs were starting to shake from exhaustion and we had at least 3 km to go.

The old Ottoman cistern

On this last, exhausting leg of our journey, we passed through a field of rock and shrubs where a flock of goats were slowly grazing their way down a steep rock wall. The shepherd boy, fifteen, crouched in a makeshift plastic tent from the wind. Badly needing a rest, we stopped and chatted with him. The boy had reddish hair and pale, freckled cheeks and carried a smart phone. He was lonely--all of his friends and anyone near his age had moved or gone to the military service. He was the only young person left. He couldn't wait for tourist season to start--he was going to leave home and go to Antalya to work in one of the big tourist hotels. Life with these goats was hell. Delal told him how we had been talking about the utter freedom of a shepherd--a kind of freedom you could never know in the city. Alone in the mountains, amongst the quiet and the vast open spaces, away from the 9-5 jobs and bills and crowds. 'That sounds wonderful to me!' the shepherd said. Delal was not just idly fantasizing--she's done her share of shepherding in Conag in the summers as a girl. But still what would it be like to be a fifteen year old boy, all alone in a tiny village in the middle of nowhere. You would feel like life was what happened everywhere else. Here there was only the ever unchanging cliffs and goats. Strangely his family didn't sell the meat or milk of the goats. 'They only make enough milk for the young,' he said. 'We sell them for bayram, for sacrifices.''You raise them all year just to sell at Bayram?' The boy shrugged, 'And we use them for ourselves.'

Dinner at Bayram's in Gey Village
 
The last leg of our journey took us finally into Gey--a village sitting on the last of a series of seven capes along the Mediterranean coast. In the Kate Clow guide book, it says the village is mostly Alevi, but the young woman who man's Bayram's pension laughs that off. 'Kate made a mistake;' she says. 'She met one crazy old man who told her he is Alevi, so now everyone here is always asking me if I am Alevi!' She rolls her eyes. 'Me and most everyone here were nomads (yörük). And the name of the village is not Gey, it's Yediburun, the Seven Capes. Apparently when she first came here, Kate asked this old man the name of the village. He said 'Ge?' which in our accent basically means 'HUH?' She thought Ge was the name and, knowing standard Turkish, tacked on a 'y' which she just knew just had to be there for it to make sense. But it's all a mistake! Now everyone knows us as 'Gey!'
 
'Gey' village has a shop to replenish supplies and in addition to Bayram's Pension, several places to camp. Bayram's is a regular little hostel--with several rooms off a main hall complete with bar and kitchen. There are no heaters--just be warned--so the nights in April can get very cold. But there are plenty of blankets and hot common showers. It was 50TL a person per night--including a fantastic dinner of fresh everything and breakfast.
 
At around 5:00 am, when the ezan sounded from the little mosque just up the road, all the dogs started howling and at least one rooster took up the call as well. One after the other joining the muezzin's call.
 
Our hostess told us how odd it had been when trekkers first started appearing. Villagers did not know what to make of the foreigners and their backpacks and tents. They figured they were treasure hunters from Europe.
 
'But now we're used to them!' she says. 'They've helped bring the economy of this village back to life!' 
 
 

On the Lycian Way Part 2--Electric Bugaloo

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The mosaic at Letoön--Apollo's lyre on one side, Artemis's bow (?) on the other
 
The roosters at Gey village were not very good hires, I feel, because they never learned that the crowing was to take place at sunrise--not all throughout the night. We boarded the school bus from Gey at 8:00AM sharp and headed into town because we'd run out of cash, there was no ATM, and we needed transport to the nearest Akbank so we could pay Bayram--also the school bus driver. It was a fun ride--us all the way in the back where the cool kids usually sat. Next to me was a very tiny boy who perched himself on the edge of the seat, keeping his eyes straight ahead, not saying a word to anyone, and his yellow backback like a giant camel's hump on his back. The other kids jeered at him, 'That backpack's bigger than you are! I think it's wearing you!'
 
The ATM was in Kınık, and from there, Bayram drove us the short way to the ruins of Letoön where we could pick up the trail again. (Generally you can do this, drop the trail whenever you're ready for a break and find transport at any point down the line. You may have to borrow a school bus or hitchhike, but it's always an option--at least at this point on the Lycian Way.)
 

The columns half sunk into a swamp full of turtles and frogs (descendants of enchanted sheperds)

 
Letoön was one of the cities of Lycia, later assimilated into Ancient Greece, and our first set of ruins. (There's an entrance fee of 5 TL). Even at 9 in the morning on April it was already hot. The surrounding area is full of orange groves and sheep and the woman at the ticket booth was happy to give us a whole bag of fresh oranges when we asked why in the world no one was selling oranges when there were so many trees. A shepherd told us a little about the current state of the site--a team of French archaeologists used to run it, he said, but the Turks took it back three years ago and now it's in the hands of a team in Ankara, who've done absolutely nothing since then. This is happening a lot in Turkey--there's a patriotic drive to seize all the archaeological treasures from the Imperialist, lots of bombast and nationalist pride rhetoric, and then once the Turkish government has it back, the site is neglected, the artifact is stolen. Respect for ancient monuments is not a characteristic of the culture yet. I suspect it's partly from the sheer abundance of ruins (as plentiful as McDonald's in the States) and partly from the intense right-wing nationalism that wants to play down any evidence of anyone non-Turkish ever having lived here. I say, don't let anybody take your stuff back to their museums in the capitals of the empires, no, but let them pay for the teams to research it--you've got too much on your hands to do it yourself.
 
The famous theater entrance at Letoön
The story of Letoön is this: the nymph Leto came here to give her children (twins from one of Zeus's affairs) a drink of water from the spring. Those kids were the future lords of Olympos, Apollo and Artemis. The local shepherds told Leto no and so she turned them all into frogs. If true, then it must be their descendants that fill the pools here, croaking like mad and filling the water with their tadpoles. There were quite a few turtles as well, sunning on each other's back rather flagrantly. The place is still a wetland and seems to be liquid most of the time. The famous mosaic here, pre-Christian and thus before a lot of the Byzantine ones in more famous mosaic centers, is a colorful symbolization of the twin gods. You have the lyre of Apollo, patron of music, and the bow of Artemis, the goddess of the hunt. As a result--Letoön was the religious center of the area and pilgrims would come from nearby Xanthus to worship.
The theater with the only spectators left interested in Letoonian theater apparently
And because it was a religious center, you find a lot of temples and theaters--the theater of course being connected to the rites and worship of Dionysus, god of the grape and patron of the arts. My favorite building (fragment at least) was the grand arch entering the theater--the steps winding upward to the door and the marble floor still preserved. Walking beneath the shade of the archway, you could almost imagine the crowd inside, the actors and music. I found, however, only a flock of sheep and one lone goat grazing in the nosebleed seats. (Animals, despite assurances to the contrary all along the way--do cause damage to these places, a lot, and culturally, are a sign of disrespect--you don't let animals graze in a place you hold any reverence for.) You can see the excavations are only partly done--clearly the stage and part of the seats still lie under ground.
A Lycian style tomb behind the theater where a graveyard is
The book Lycia by Turkish archaeologist Cevdet Bayburtluoğlu says that Leto, Apollo, and Artemis were the national gods of the nation of Lycia. The foundations of the temple ruins we wandered were set as early as the 7th century BC, and the ponds Southwest of the temple--where our frog and turtle friends still splashed--was the fount of holy water pilgrims used to come for.
 
From Letoön we walked through the village of Kumluova to catch a bus to Kınık, and then onto Patara (this was going to be a day of rest). Kumluova is a village of greenhouses, the whole region is covered with greenhouses mainly dedicated to tomatoes though there were some, we saw, full of zucchini. It was a bright sunny day and as we walked by a house with a beautiful old walnut tree in the yard, we heard a hysterical chirping that made us stop and search the branches for the bird responsible. A woman in a flowered kerchief stepped out the house, looked up at the tree and then at us.
 
'Can't find it?' she asked
'Nope,' we answered.
'He's a small little guy, up at the top.'
As we continued to search, she clipped two fat roses from her rose bushes and brought them out to us. 'For your travels!'
 
A little further down we found a farm yard full of chickens and one rather startled looking turkey. It gobbled rather forlornly toward the street and I, who am pretty good at mimicking animal voices, gave it my best gobble back. It immediately spread it's tail feathers and came charging forward, gobbling like a maniac. Apparenly we were going to tussle. I kept gobbling. It kept gobbling back and storming about the yard looking for the unseen rival. We heard an old woman's voice say in a heavy accent.
 
'Hey, why dont you come on back and sit with me a while?'
 
Through the gate was a shriveled old lady with her feet kicked up on the divan, drinking tea beneath a shady tree. She told us to have a seat.
 
'I need someone to talk to sometimes,' she said. 'It's nice to just chat with someone, break the boredom. You guys are both tourists and not tourists. You have the backpacks but you sit down for tea and speak Turkish. Hey, want a tomato?'
 
Unable to walk herself, she directed us to the greenhouse in her backyard. 'Just open the door and go right in!' The greenhouse was steamy and hot, the whole place smelling of fresh tomato flesh. She shouted directions from her perch outside--her voice muffled by the glass panes. 'Pluck a few of the ripe ones! Get some salt from the kitchen! Wash them over there in the spigot! Now bring it all over to the table!' We did as instructed.
The site of the newer, relatively speaking, Byzantine church overlooking the temple of Apollo
While we snacked, she told us a little bit about herself.  She had three sons, one of them a teacher in Antalya, but they didn't come around as much as they should anymore. 'My life is slipping away,' she said at some point. 'It's mostly done and over with--the soul is fleeing.' Delal told her she should make one of her sons take her on a trip--take advantage of retirement. 'Oh nonsense,' she said. 'I can't walk much now and anyway, the single one has shacked up with some foreign girl for a while. Too busy.'
 
We sat and chatted for about an hour. Her accent was heavy and I caught only about half of what was said--imagine sitting down with some old crusty resident of rural Mississippi with no teeth and you might get the idea. We caught a minibus from here to the entrance to Kınık, got off at the bridge and then walked the rest of the way to the bus station where we caught a bus to Patara. Well almost--the driver lied. Out of season (April) he didn't go all the way to Patara. Instead, he dropped us off at the turn-off and told us to walk the rest of the way. 'It was only 2 kilometers,' he said grinning. We were exhausted from the day before and so hitchhiked into town instead. For anyone new to Turkey, hitchhiking is a lot safer than it is anywhere else I've been. Of course, use the usual caution--if you are picked up by a shiftly looking single guy who mumbles too himself and has red stains on his shirt, don't get in. But we were picked up, for example, by an old man and his granddaughter. Another time by a young couple from Istanbul. It's not so strange to hitchhike here and ordinary families will give you a ride.
 
The grand gate and symbol of ancient Patara


The ruins to Patara are protected lands and so there are no pensions there--you stay in the town of Gelemiş on the border. We rented an apartment at the Flower Pension--a place I highly recommend with a very friendly owner whose mother is a fantastic cook (she makes a good apple marmelade) We paid 70TL (35 dollars), total, breakfast included, for an apartment with a kitchnette. They have a newly built pool, a sundeck, laundry service, a small lemon grove and a cozy cafe with a bookshelf jammed full of titles in all languages including a big book on the ruins of Patara that was quite informative.
 
The sundeck where we had a nice lunch at Flower Pension
Patara has a fantastic beach--a 20km plus stretch of golden dunes very rare in the Mediterranean. Billions of tour busses bring billions of tourists here in season but in April there very few people--and miles and miles of empty sand dunes stretched all the way up the beach back toward the mountains we'd hiked out of. The water was 16 C (about 65 F), not too cold at all, and a pristine blue. On our first attempt to walk to the water (go left at the city center and through the ruins NOT right), we got lost and a shepherd told us to just follow the little trail through the trees and it would take us right there--locals did this to avoid paying entrance fees, he said. (It's 7TL to get into the ruins and beach) Well it did take us right there--after wandering through a pine forest, an oak grove, his home where his wife stared at us in bafflement, and then over endless gigantic sand dunes that got higher and higher and were filled with wild rose and other thorny shrubs. It was a beautiful walk though--smooth rolling sands with views of the sea and hilltops crowned with old temples and gates. In May--these dunes are the nesting grounds of the Caretta Caretta sea turtles, and walking anywhere on them is forbidden and just evil.
 
The beach at Patara
 
After a day at the beach--broken up by a thunder storm that swept down from the mountains and turned the whole sky black--we spent some time relaxing at the pool and on the sundeck of the pension and then headed out to the ruins. Patara was an enormous city. Right next to the hotel is a set of tombs overgrown with wild flowers. Apparently, according to the sign, the Lycians would place a coin between the teeth of their dead so that they could pay Charon the boatman for the passage to Hades. An old man stopped as we were reading and asked what it meant-Delal explained what she was reading. It was such a quiet thing--that moment, the sound of cowbells, the bleating of sheep and the wind moving over the grass and fields of daisies. There were lots of old olive trees on the side of the road. I love these trees--like porous old bones whose insides have dissolved away.
 
 
 
An old olive in a field of daisies near the ruins
 
The city was supposedly founded by Patarus, a son of Apollo and archaeologist place some of its earliest inhabits back in 2000BC. Patara was huge--now, wandering through the woods and among the lagoons here, you'll stumble on pieces of an ancient road, a crumbling column, an old ceramics workshop, a ruined temple overrun by trees, and the ruins of maybe the oldest lighthouse in the world. This was the birth place of the cult of the Oracle of Apollo, and second only in size to the temple at Delphi. Homer mentions Patara in the Iliad, the Lycians here were allies of Troy. The city was also the birthplace of St. Nicolas-yes, Santa Claus was popped out of his mom here-and St Paul, in chapter 21 of Acts, travels through here on his way to Rhodes. So it's got a long and starry pedigree.

Wild flowers
 
 

 
Our third morning in Patara was our last day of hiking--we were heading all the way to Akbel where we would catch a bus back to Fethiye. The hike goes up a paved road from Flower Pension and then starts winding through the fields and wood. We again got lost at this point. We followed the main dirt road up the mountain and missed the tiny little path in the middle of the olive grove that headed off through the woods to the left. This was shortly after the fork in the trail and the first signpost for the Lycian Way that pointed the way either to Kalkan or Akbel. Again, if you don't see the red and white blazes after a few minutes, you're on the wrong path! And don't trust that the bigger road is the one you want to be on--it's often not!
 

The road from Patara to Akbel

In terms of ascents and terrains--this is a rather easy portion of the trail and there were lots of elderly couples on the path, not all of whom were in good physical condition. If you want to try the Lycian Way but aren't in shape, this might be the segment to do (Patara to Akbel). There were still some majestic views over the mountains to the north and the beach to the South and the woods were scattered with occasional ruins and lots of wildflowers. We wandered through pasture land and pine wood and olive groves--squeezing past a tight thicket of bushes that arched over the path and cast everything in shadow.
Ruins along the path--a view of the valley below
 

The pipes on top of the aqueduct wall
The trail forks again at the 'Delikkemer'--the ancient aqueducts of Patara, a giant stone wall that skirts the sea with fragments of the pipes that carried the water still running along the top. We missed the path to Akbel here and ended up taking a wrong turn toward Kalkan--a fantastic hike but not one you want to take if you are not in good shape. I am guessing to go to Akbel you want to go up from the aqueducts, we went down.

Delikkemer--the aqueduct of Patara
 
That being said, this was our favorite part of the whole trail. Behind us the heads of the mountains we'd just hiked out of were lost in rain clouds--but the sun was peaking out from behind them so a veil of gossamer white light made a halo around the peaks. In front of us was the turquoise sea with clouds like galleons sailing across a turquoise sky. The path wound around the cliffs at the edge of the sea. You wind down and down until you are eventually crawling over boulders, then over a field of limestone rocks stabbing from the cliff face, then hopping over narrow rocky steps overlooking a precipice. It's harrowing, thrilling, gorgeous.
The road from the aqueduct to Kalkan
 


 


At the end, you find the bus station and if you are hoping to get back to Fethiye, you'd better be there by 7:15PM. There are only a few busses per day to Fethiye off season--two in the morning and two in the evening. We missed the 7:15 and ended up staying in Kalkan for the night at Kelebek Hotel--not a bad place--clean enough even if the manager struck me as little dense. We were so exhausted after the hike that we could have slept in the bathroom at the bus station. Speaking of the bus station, Ayşe's Restaurant, which is connected to the station, had maybe the best food of the whole trip. I don't know why they stuck such a good cook at a restaurant in the otogar, but her homemade Turkish food--dolmas and mucver and mezes--was excellent.

A view of Fethiye from the tombs of the Lycian kings
 
A view out from inside the tombs
Our plane back to Istanbul was at 6 and so we spent the morning and afternoon wandering around Fethiye itself. Fethiye used to be the Lycian city of Telemessos.The tombs of the Lycian kings are grand--a hike up the cliffs to see them however, will bring a little disappointment as they are covered with graffitti and stink of piss--teens and locals here don't show them a lot of respect, I guess, and they're not well protected. From the tombs, we went to the Ölüdeniz, the Dead Sea, so named for how calm the waters are--out of season it wasn't crowded and easily one of the most beautiful beaches I have ever visited--a perfect way to end days and days of hiking.

I would like to end with something about the past elections--everybody was so polarized. People who didn't agree with your own point of view were enemies and idiots. This trip was effective in eliminating that perception in us. We met the villager Enzel who tended goats, the lonely shepherd boy pining for tourist season to open, the nomad woman running a pension in the middle of nowhere for foreign trekkers, the old lady green house owner with her eyes on death--all of these people with very different lives than ours in Istanbul or ours in Bingöl. Many have no idea what Twitter or Youtube is--why should they care if it were shut down? One man we met was a fruit dealer--his biggest political concern was the closing of the Russian border to their produce, something that has never crossed our minds but directly affects his life. I would say to anyone wanting to take a true Democratic stance here, who really wants to understand this country and its people and then represent them in a government (if there are any who truly want to do that)--take a walk in all parts of Turkey, depend on the hospitatlity of as many different people as you can, learn what diversity means--it's a reality, not a liberal fantasy or a nationalist philosophy.

 

The beach at Ölüdeniz--the Dead Sea


The American Indian and the Armenian Genocide

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Keşke Birde Türk Bayrağı Olsaydı
'If only there was a Turkish Flag' A picture from a Turkish man protesting the 'Kurdish Opening' back in 2009 as something that would split the motherland.

How does the United States Senate celebrate the Armenian Genocide? We have an old tradition as unchanging as the Christmas Tree or the Black Friday shopping death stampede. First, on Genocide Eve, the Committee on Foreign Relations draws up a bill to recognize April 24th as a day ‘to remember and observe the anniversary of the Armenian Genocide.’ Then the Turkish media, government, and civil groups start to sing the age-old Genocide carols to their American friends. Some of the most popular are ‘The Nature and Scale of the Killings Remain Highly Contentious’, ‘We Warn You Not to Harm US-Turkish Relations’, and the classic ‘We Didn’t Do It And If We Did, They Asked For It.’ Then on Genocide Day, the US Senate refuses to hear the resolution in the general assembly and it goes absolutely nowhere.

So I am going to tell you guys a Genocide story that I stumbled on in my various researches and through my accidental membership in the Turkish Coalition of America—a charity organization made up of Turks and Turkish descendants living in a America. (I started getting emails from them when I moved to Istanbul) I think this story nicely illustrates the nature of the whole Genocide issue.

The TCA does a lot of noble work. A quick perusal of their latest newsletter includes scholarships, an aid package for the victims of the Typhoon Haiyan in the Phillipines, a cultural exchange with Canadian youths and a commemoration ceremony celebrating the ties between Turkey and the Native American community.
What ties you may ask?

Well the TCA has been lobbying for the American Indians for quite some time now. (Let me say now that I’m not all that sure that ‘Indian’ is the preferred term. I read in an interview with a Lakota that it was the word aboriginals preferred and have seen the term in the speeches of firebrand Russell Means, so I’m running with it.) Most recently they helped organize the government of Turkey’s funding of a water tower for the Warm Springs Tribe in Oregon. Turkey donated over 200,000 dollars. The TCA had a competition among American Indian Tribes for the grant in 2012. The grant was announced in a newsletter regularly distributed to the tribes and Warm Springs won the bid. (Let that sink in, Turkish lobbying groups have a regular newsletter for the Indians) This was back in October, right after Erdoğan had spent several months gassing and attacking hundreds of thousands of people protesting him in the streets and was presented to us by the press here in Turkey as evidence of how great Turkey had become. Now America’s poor and downtrodden came to Ankara for help, not the Washington.

The Warm Springs tribe was a little baffled, but grateful of course. And I’m glad they got their water tower. They deserved it and I’m sure the other 31 applications that didn’t win were deserving as well. Still, everyone was trying to figure out why a government halfway around the world busy secretly funding Al Nusra radicals in the Syrian Civil War while at the same time sending phalanxes of police against its own citizens in the greatest demonstration of civil unrest in its history was fussing over a small Oregon tribe. Turkish officials cited ‘the historical and cultural connections between Turkey and Native Americans.’  
The TCA has been trying also to sponsor a bill for the economic development on Indian lands. Great! If passed, the bill would enable tribal governments to approve development projects sponsored by foreign investors without the approval of the Federal government through the Bureau of Indian Affairs. This is apparently a very time consuming process, full of red tape, which helps cripple tribal economies. Great again. Sounds like a stupid requirement anyway, left over from the bad old days—or rather, the worse old days. I doubt any American Indian would ever say the bad old days are over. But as it turns out, the bill mainly favors one country and one source of foreign investor-Turkey!

Turkey and the TCA also grant scholarships to American Indians. They fly officials to Turkey for economic conferences and they attend native conferences in the States as well. In 2010, an official from the Turkish Trade Ministry became the first foreign official to speak at the annual conference in Las Vegas on tribal economic development. In the same year, Turkey brought members of the Coeur D’Alene tribe to Ankara. Alaskan Representative Don Young, a strong supporter of his state’s tribes said Turkey was “the first foreign country that has shown interest in investing with — cooperation with — a tribe to improve their economic lot.” All this official attention and show of respect must feel like a vindication for a people whose history is filled with diplomatic betrayals, political marginalization, and broken treaties.

So why all this fuss? Why all this effort to support a trampled minority in another country-a minority who more than deserve the support, by the way. Which is kind of the crux point of the issue here. Turkey has chosen a target that no one would ever, in their right mind, argue against. The moral soundness of trying to help American tribes build sustainable economies is unassailable. And when, say, Armenian-American lobbyist argue against the bill, they look like assholes.

Here is what TCA president, Lincoln McCurdy has to say about the motivation on the TCA’s own website:  

"It definitely broadens (Turkey's) political base and it increases the opportunity for Turkish companies to establish operations in this country. A broader political base, in turn, could aid Turkey in recurring Capitol Hill conflicts with Armenian-Americans. In raw population, Armenian-Americans widely outnumber Turkish-Americans. Turkey, though, enjoys considerable high-level clout as an important NATO country. Nearly every year, these competing forces are on display as lawmakers press for an Armenian genocide resolution that takes note of the massacres that took place during the Ottoman Empire's dying days. The resolution routinely fails but keeps coming back; this year's version has 84 House co-sponsors. It's in this context that the Native American investment bill reflects Turkey's cultivation of tribes."

Holy shit! Did he actually write and post that? The main reason we are offering help to a people who have suffered perhaps more, or at least longer, than any other in the world is to build our numbers against the annual Armenian Genocide bill? To drown out the Armenian lobby? First, if I have any American Indian readers at this point, I would love to know what you think on this issue. My advice for you guys would be take the money and run. In my limited experience with American Indians they are too political canny to be fooled by any of the ideological hocus pocus, and practically speaking, the TCA is pursuing a policy that makes sense for the welfare of the tribes and that other countries should follow. And it’s such a shame that this historical and herculean effort is being put forth in the name of genocide denial.
And here is where the issue gets more complicated, because one of the classic denial arguments is “Well, you Americans committed genocide against the Kızılderililer (That’s the Turkish word for Indian and it means ‘Redskins’—yep, that’s right.) So you have no room to talk.” The rather extremist website tallarmeniantale (which pops up in any search on the Genocide, so it’s not so marginal) devotes an entire section to the subject—going as far to suggest that the white genocide of American Indians was attempted by Europeans on ‘the Turk’, their racial brothers. You see pictures of Indian chiefs everywhere in Turkey—in leftist cafes and in the windows of vans and minibusses. Everyone feels both a racial connection as a people with ancestors in Cenral Asia (which they should then feel toward every Asian except maybe the Chinese) and also a political one, as the abused victims of European Imperialism.

This argument is a tacit admission, of course—‘You did it, too!’ they say, but the ‘too’ implies that we did it as well. And it’s always curious that someone would try to clear their name by connecting it to one of the largest massacres of a people in human history. And never mind that Turkey, far from being a hapless victim, was a large empire—and that the Sunni Turks hold the reins of power over minorities who have been here a lot longer than they have, minorities who continue to be driven out and marginalized; a little bit like European descendants hold the reins of power over a minority that have been in the Americas a lot longer than they have. But Turkey has a compulsion to constantly identify itself with the victims, which is why Erdoğan, in command of the military and police, can mastermind an attack on protesters in Turkey’s 80 cities and still feel that he is the underdog. The psychology of victimhood is extremely dangerous here—it’s what justified the Genocide in the minds of the Ottomans in the first place and still forms the core of denial arguments.

And so what of this assertion that white Americans committed genocide. Does anyone deny it? Article II from the Convention for the Punishment and Prevention of Genocide says:

“Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:
(a)     Killing members of the group;
(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

At some point over the last five hundred years, the conquerors of the Americas have done all of these things to one or more Indian nations. By international law, it certainly classifies as a genocide. I never saw the word in a school history book, though, so out of curiosity I googled 'American Indian Genocide.' (I am not a scholar so that is my research method—sorry) and one of the first articles to pop up was this one by GuentherLewy.He methodically makes the case that the deaths of millions upon millions of Native Americans was not a genocide. So we do genocide denial too! But what is Mr. Lewy’s connection to Turkey? Well he also is one of the American deniers of the Armenian Genocide and a scholar that Turkey loves to drag out as proof it did nothing wrong (but if we did, so did you!). Mr. Lewy’s purpose seems to be to defend the Jewish Holocaust’s status as the most important genocide in history, if not the only one. Somehow The Holocaust’s exclusive right to the term ‘genocide’ is important to a large number of people.

Another Google search on Turkey’s aid to the American Indians turns up articles in fanatically anti-Muslim websites such as Jihadwatch, the Counter Jihad Report or this one. They make some of the same points I do about Turkey's motivations but for horrible reasons. So some of the most vocal groups keeping up with and speaking out against this issue are racist themselves determined to prove the innate violence and danger of Islam.

And so we have the full immoral picture.
Here you have the wealth of entire country and the efforts of a major lobbying group in the US devoted to helping a group that has suffered much at the hands of various oppressors throughout history. And the help they provide is logical and long overdue. But their aims in doing so are horrifyingly cynical—to secure support in covering up another one of the greatest crimes in history. Think about that a second—you are devoting millions of dollars and hundreds of hours to getting one oppressed group to aid in the oppression of another.Some of the people who oppose this are wildly racist themselves (the jihadwatch type) and their main motivation is hatred and fear of Muslims—which of course supports the Turks assertion that they are the victims of white racism because sometimes they actually are. Another contingent who is helping Turkey deny the genocide is also denying the genocide of the people Turkey is trying to use in its own denial—all in the name of justice to another genocide which they believe only retains it’s legitimacy if it remains the only one.

Turkey’s motivations for targeting the Indians is multifold I think. On the one hand, they have picked a cause which justifiably blackens the American name and in doing so, teach a very expensive lesson to the United States. “See? This is what it feels like when one country meddles in another country’s affairs in the name of human rights.” (The theme of the genocide issue being merely a case of the West meddling in Turkey’s internal affairs is a common one). Politically speaking, if numbers of supporters was their sole goal then they probably should have gone after a group with more clout. Second, they somehow build a sense of moral superiority at a time when their moral clout is going down the toilet.”We aren’t oppressing anyone! We have gone into the very den of the oppressor and helped liberate a people.” Maybe that explains the timing of the Warm Springs announcement. And third, as was evident from the newspaper coverage of the same Warm Springs grant last year, it’s a tremendous boost to nationalist pride to be the one country capable of supporting a poor minority which not even the once great United States can manage to help. Turkey sends monetary aid to the US—what a propaganda coup! And then there is this perceived racial brotherhood—which infuriates me the most—the belief in race being the root of all this evil in the first place, all coupled with the false belief in a mutual victimhood.

This whole thing stands as a sad example of how historical denial twists and corrupts everything it touches. The TCA is doing a good deed but its motivations stink up the whole thing and corrupts both the justice to the American Indian which was long overdo and the good intentions of those behind the good deed. Turks, as a culture, seem very hospitable, empathetic, sensitive and possessors of a conscience that allows them to sympathize and grieve for, say, the recent deaths on the South Korean ferry in a way that I have not seen another nationality do. And yet this race issue, this nationalism problem fouls it all up. It holds them back as a nation. (And as a man coming out of the South I know what it's like to have a racist culture hold back the progress of your homeland)

It somehow reminds me of a professor of history I heard about recently—who has devoted his entire life to trying to prove that the Ottoman Armenian Balyan family or architects did not in fact build any of the buildings they are credited with. What an incredibly tragic waste of a brain, of a life, of thousands upon thousands of hours of research. He could be devoting himself to something that might actually help his country, but no, instead all that effort is bent upon an absurd racist denial of history.


Even as I write—Haberturk promises a ‘historical’ announcement from the Prime Minister’s office on the Armenian incident of 1915. We are still waiting to hear what Erdoğan will say. It was published on the PM's website at least--an offer to share the grief of those massacred in 1915. An unprecedented step by the Turkish state run by a man so intolerant that all opposition is swiftly crushed.  In any case, on April 24th, may all the world’s butchered and martyred and downtrodden rest in peace. This year is the 99th anniversary. 

Kemal Seven--Free At Last--Free At Last, Thank the State Almighty, Free at Last

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Yesterday, at around 4:30, Delal and I were sitting in the Simit Saray having tea. We just wanted out of the house. I was pouring over my 8th graders’ writing exams when she got a call and stepped outside. I was still busily ticking off grammar mistakes when she came back in, her tears full of tears.

‘They’re letting my father go! They’re letting them all go!’
A bad photo maybe--but we were all cut off guard. This is post release
 

Within minutes, we had organized a bus to drive us to Silivri. There were three car loads of us going, just for my father-in-law alone. Who knew how many would come for all the others. None of us could quite accept what was happening. ‘If this isn’t real,’ I kept saying in my head. ‘If this is some trick, if they take it back at the last minute...’ We’d been assured by the lawyers that everything would go smoothly, but how could we trust anyone at this point? There were still the internal sentences for staging protests inside the prison last year. Delal’s dad had three months to go. Would they use that as an excuse to keep them in?

On my blog about my first visit to Silivri prison, I wrote a lot about the sunflowers. It was in June, and the fields were in full bloom. I couldn’t get over how beautiful the landscape was, like a Van Gogh painting when what was happening within it was so awful—the pastoral farmland against the fury of the State, the tanks, the troops, the police. On April 24th, yesterday afternoon, the fields were a patchwork of fresh green shoots with squares of wildflowers bright in the distance against the white mirror of the Marmara Sea. The road was empty of everything but the occasional pair of headlights coming at us from the West, out of the setting sun. Let this be the last time we see this road, I prayed, the last time I have to think about this place.

We arrived at dusk. A bonfire had been built. Hundreds of people were milling around the prison entrance. Music blasted from a car radio—Siwan Perver. Some people were singing, others dancing the govend. The air was charged with celebration and victory. It was cold—the air damp and windy. Silivri always seemed to be cold.

The first van appeared around 9 and we immediately swarmed the prison gates, overwhelming the guards who stood around baffled. Everyone was cheering and ululating. Eight people stepped out, bleary eyed, to a burst of hugs and kisses and applause. But my father in law was not one of them. About half an hour later another van with three people came out. And still he did not appear.

There was a lot of paperwork, we were assured. They had to get their belongings organized and all the forms filled out in duplicate and triplicate. And as an hour passed, and then two, rumors started to float around. Three people were going to be kept inside. No one was exactly sure why. They were accused in a separate case, someone said. But really? Was it something else? Was it this internal sentencing we’d been fretting about? Had we come all this way for nothing? To be so close after two and half years of gritting our teeth.

And then at around 11:15PM, after 4 hours of vigil, the final van came out.

‘I see Dad!’ Delal cried, and we surged forth with everyone pushing behind us in a great wave of joy (that nearly crushed me). We couldn’t get to him at first. All the old prisoners had come out as well, all the ones who had been released in the months before and they were the first to bombard him with hugs and kisses and questions. Delal and I hung back. As she said, it seemed to be enough now just to see him. It wasn’t a trick. It wasn’t a lie. We watched as he went through all the family members. His brother nearly fainted and couldn’t seem to steady himself. Delal’s sisters threw themselves around his neck and wouldn’t let go. Dozens of friends stood grabbed him from all directions. And finally it was just me. I was the only member of the family who had not been allowed on visitations because I was a foreigner. I wondered how I would feel, what I would do when this moment came. I felt the tears come and then I hugged him and didn’t let go.

‘Bi xer hati, mamoste,’ I said, in the Kurmanci I knew he would want to hear. And then I tried the phrase I had practiced in the van on the way over, ‘Bi derketina te gelek keyfxweş bum’ (I’m so glad you are out!) but he was already being swept away by someone else.

Someone was shooting off fireworks—bursts of color lit up the sky over the prison gate. Bits of ash drifted down onto our heads. We gathered his things, bags and boxes of books and clothes, and then we did something we thought we might never do again—we took him home.

I do not want to downplay the feeling of celebration—we are overjoyed. But he was only released on bond (tahliye)—all two hundred and something people in our case are still on trial with the threat of heavy sentences hanging over their heads. And there are hundreds around the country in the same case who haven’t been released at all. As people keep saying, we are happy but not grateful. The government is only freeing people it never should have imprisoned in the first place—people who still face a possible future conviction. The government and it’s Cemaat allies took us to negative 1000 and have brought us back to negative 10—still less than where we started. What is there to feel grateful for?

When this whole nightmare started, it was October 28th, 2011. http://www.istanbulgibbs.blogspot.com.tr/2012/04/night-of-blind.htmlWe had gone to Galatasaray for a commemoration for the death of Komitas Vartapet—an Armenian composer who lost his mind during the Genocide. And now the nightmare ends on April 24th, the date that marks the start of that same Genocide. There’s some sort of Karmic connection here, some link between the stories of the Turkish State’s two most tormented minorities. I can’t stop thinking about a statement author Karin Karakaşlı made about how first they took the intellectuals in Istanbul to destroy the leadership, to cut off the heads of a people. That has been the whole purpose of the KCK trials from the beginning. We have been lucky enough to get ours back.

From a poem of Komitas

Everyday

Take a lantern

Keep it bright

As the light source of your mind

Again and again take the inexhaustible fire

As the hopeful cord

Of your heart

 

They are back (at least until the trial resumes in July)—the bright lanterns they took away in the dark hours of the early morning three years ago. And so is a little of my faltering belief that sometimes right can win. That the might of the State cannot stamp out the fire forever.

Liars and Cheaters Galore

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Why yes, son, I'd think you'd make a fine addition to Robert College. Trust me--why would I lie?
 

Cheating, fraud, charlatanism, and my favorite would of all skullduggery--a buggering of the truth—or in Turkish, dolandırıcılık, hile, copya çekme, dolavere. I’ve never felt it was such a part of daily life as I have felt in Turkey—not that we don’t have it in the United States, but, in view of all the cheating, lying, political charlatans now trying to justify every vile action that spews out of their wretched administration—just because something happens somewhere else does not make it okay.

Today, one of my students screamed at me that nothing at our school was fair. In other schools, he ranted, it doesn’t matter if you do your work or not, if you fail or not, other schools give you a 100 so that you can get accepted into good high schools like Robert College and Koç. All of this a justification for why he was trying to sleep on his desk. His parents have been relentlessly hastling all his teachers, badgering them with the same argument. The mother and father had a meeting with me a few months ago suggesting that, while they knew what they were asking wasn’t ethical, couldn’t I just give their child a 100? I felt dirty for weeks after that comment, and every time I look at their offspring now it is with a deep feeling of contempt and pity. And yet today, after his outburst, he seemed about to burst out crying and so I went to the counselor to report that he might be under some unusual stress at home. Her answer? Well he’s right of course. Schools in Istanbul like Doğa Kolej, Bilfen, and Uskudar American’s SEV reportedly have real tests that they give amongst themselves and only they know the scores, and then they have deliberately easy exams that the worst student is guaranteed an A on. And then they make all the other grades from homework to quizzes, 100 without a thing to base it on. (During an interview at SEV I was warned not to get my panties in a bind worrying about ‘ethics’ and ‘fairness’. We faked grades and if you don’t like it you can hit the road I asked) ‘Is it possible that Robert College and the other prestigious schools don’t know this? Why on earth would you accept anyone from any of these schools and risk your reputation?’ The answer was less than credulous—they don’t know, they only base their admissions on the scores coming out of the Ministry of Education. The inspectors for the government are the same—completely naive about the faking of grades. Of course, one wonders how in the world a person whose job is inspecting schools could be so blithely ignorant of what every 12 year old in Turkey knows.

Of course, what could they say since the government itself is built on lying, corruption and trickery. The elections this year were just one sad example—even the election observers of the party we support had to be told why cheating and coersion was inherently wrong and not just wrong when the other guy did it. And the other guy—bullying, sneaking into the polls and forcing elderly people’s hand to your candidate, bribery—and mostly all out in the open. Never mind the recounts in Ağrı, where the ruling party, unwilling to lose, forced 15 recounts and when they still didn’t win, declared the election null and void and called on a re-election.

And I still haven’t quite gotten over the engineer—a  woman in charge of designing and building highways in Istanbul—told me that she had stopped speaking to her best friend for good because she would not let her copy her PhD thesis. She had copied from a more ‘loyal’ friend and when I told her that I thought she had been in the wrong—gently, carefully—she stormed out of class in a huff. She never came back, or I would have asked her for a list of designs and structures that her paws had touched so that I and anyone I cared about could be sure never to go remotely near them. She needed that thesis—fuck it if the rest of her career put countless lives in danger from her incompetence and boobery.

But what saddens me is the impact it has on my students—most of whom I care deeply about. What does it tell them if someone pads their grades? I don’t think you’re smart enough to make it on your own. So I’ll just give you this grade and you’ll never have to earn a thing in your life. Forget the look of glee on the face of the girl who has studied so diligently for the past 3 months that she pulled her grade up from an F to a C for the first time in her life! Never mind the smile of pride of the boy who, doing the same thing, went from a 26 on his exam at the beginning of the year to a 76. I’d rather have these two build me a bridge at the age they are now than that lunatic who copied her PhD thesis or any of the people who were stupid or dishonest enough to accept it.  At least I could trust they would try to find out what to do.

And what hope does Turkey have of cleaning up its system when kids learn at a young age—supported by parents, that cheating is how you get where you’re going, that not only is it a secret passage to your success, it is your right. You deserve the special favor. My students in Turkey are every bit as brilliant, talent, curious, and creative as the kids I’ve taught elsewhere—why are their elders so hell-bent on telling them they’re not good enough and can only lie their way to the top? Thankfully, our school has not adopted this skulduggery—and I hope the rest is just rumor. But I’ve learned in Turkey that rumor is almost more reliable than the news sometimes. Because of course, the news takes part in the same lying and cheating as well.

And if you do work for Robert College or Koç or wherever else—why in the world do you accept these students? How long do you think your the hot air of your reputations will sustain you when you start sending lazy, skillless cheaters to the top schools of the world? Lazy skilless cheaters that came to you with potential, a potential which you helped ruin and deny?

Türkiye'nin nesine alışmak en zor geliyor? What is the most difficult thing to get used to in Turkey?

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(English below)
Bunlardan biri olmaya çalışıyorum aslında
Birkaç yıl önce, eşimin kuzeni bir sunucu olarak Istanbulun radyo kanallarından birinde bir gece programı yapıyordu. Bir akşam, saat 11de, sırf zevk için ben onun konuğu oldum. Temamız ‘Bir yabancının gözünden Istanbul!’ Şarkılar arasında dinleyiciler aklarına gelen her hangi bir soru sormaya davet ettik. ‘Eveeet arayın konuşalalım, konuşalım arayıııın!’ İlk sorulan soru şuydu: ‘Türkiye’nin nesine alışmak en zor geliyor size?’ Mutlaka ‘kellepaça!’ yada ‘kokoreç’ söylememı bekliyormuştur ama cevabım şimdi de o zamandakiyle aynı: Alışveriş gittiğimde her yerde aynı çocuk eleman olarak çalışıyor. Ne tür dukkan olsa olsun, neyi satarlarsa satsınlar, ama hep aynı jöleli saçlı, sağ elinde cep telefon, sol elinde sigara, siyah deri ceketi giyen kirli sakallı delikanlı kapı da kıpır kıpır müsterileri karşılıyor. İstisnasız!

Işimizi kolaylaştırmak için böyle bir çocuğa ‘Burak’ diyelim, zira Türkiye’deki ilk öğrettiğim sınıfımda bu tipe benzer bir ‘Burak’ vardı. Neyse bu Burak tipi bana her şey ama herşey satmış oldu--balı, vesika fotoğraflarını, tabakları, ekmeği, ve oyuncakları da. Evimizin karşısındaki çiçekci? Burak. Deri ceketin altında gömlek düğmeleri karnına kadar açık ama çok nazik, zarif bir buket yapabilir. Bir gün eşimin sütyeni alması lazım diye bir iş çamaşır dukkanına daldik, tabii ki Burak kasadaydı. Amerika’da olsaydık böyle bir tipin bir sütyen satmasını görseydim hemen polis çağırdım çünkü, emin olun ki, ya timarhane yeni kaçan bir sapık olurdu ya toplumun güvenliği için bir timarhaneye gitmesi lazım olurdu.

Bir Burak’ı görünce hemen Asi Gençlik filminde James Dean’ın oynadığı serseri ‘Jim Stark’ aklıma geliyor. Kılık kıyafet aynı zaten. Jim bir sahnede kasabanın en vahşi zorbayla dalaşıyor, herifin boğazına bir bıçak dayanıyor ve karnından yarayacağını tehdit ediyor. Böyle bir serseriden eşinizin iç çamaşırı alınır mı? Ama Türkiye’de aynı tipin dün bir pastane’de çalıştığını gördüm. Hatta ondan bir uğur böceğinin şeklinde çok şirin bir kek aldım. Bir de o yapmış.

‘Dilimleyelim mi?’

‘Yoooo kardesim, kesmeniz gerek yok. Merak etmeyin, biz evde yaparız. Bıçak yer de birakın, ne olur?’

Amerika’dan getirdiğim şuursuz kanaatimin yüzünden,her böyle siyah deri ceketli sigara içen çocuğu gördüğüm zaman, tepkisel olarak cuzdanım halen cebimde olup olmadığını kontrol ederek, adımlarımı hızlandırıp kaçıyorum. Yani, bu ülkede alişverişi bir türlü halledemem.

Birinin giyim kuşamı resmen sinyal, yani subliminal mesajları yayıyor ve bu mesajlar bilinç altında bir otomatik tepki uyandırıyor.  Üstelik kültürünüze göre aynı giysının farklı mesajı verebilir.

Mesela, bıyıklar.

Türkiye’de bir bıyık maço sembol olarak kabul ediliyor—neden olmasın? Bir iki istisna hariç (örneğin beş sene önce çalıştığım okulun sosyal öğretmeni) kadınlar doğru dürüstce gür bir bıyığı beceremezler. Ayrıca, Türkiye’de bir bıyık bir erkeğin siyasal kimliğini bile tespit edebiliyor. Başbakan gibi dar ve biraz Şarlo’nun oynadığı karakteri ‘Büyük Dikatör’ü anımsatan bir bıyığınız varsa, AKPlisiniz, belki de kendinizi liberal muhafazakarlardan biri olarak tanımlıyorsunuz. Dudaklarınızı gizleyen tropikal ormanı gibi pos bıyığınız var mı? Solcusunuz, Kürt bile olabilirsiniz. Barış Mançovari sarkık bir bıyığınız varsa, kesinlikle bir milliyetçisiniz, belki MHP’ye oy veriyorsunuz. Bir website buldum bile, Osmanlı zamanında hangi bıyığın hangi mesleğe uymasını anlatıyor. Mesela ‘karanfil bıyığı’ diye bir şey varmış. Şairlere ait olan ‘kararınca uzatılmış, üst dudak yine tam şekliyle görünür’ bir türmüş. Amerika ise, bir bıyığın sadece iki anlamı var. Ya geysin ya pornucusun. O kadar.

Normal bir erkeklik aksesuarı olarak bıyıklar 70lerde modası geçmiş oldu. (Gerçi hiç kimse babama haber vermemiş) Bugünkü moda dünyasında bir bıyık bırakmak bir gramofonı satın almak gibi bir şey. Fakat, gey kesimlerde halen bir fetiş olarak duruyormuş. Belki Freddy Mercury ve Village People’nın yüzünden. ‘YMCA’ şarkısını söyleyen var ya? Hepsi gey ve hepsi pos bıyıklı. O zaman niye pornucularda da var diye merak ediyor musunuz? Hani, en heteroseksüel görünmek isteyenler onlar değil mi? Valla bilimiyorum, ama o sektörde antik zamandan kalma bir maço sembolunun statüsünü koruyor. Maşallah.

Her neyse Türkiye’de her bıyıklı adam gördüğümde ilk aklıma gelen ‘bu adam gey’! İkinci aklıma gelen ‘ya pornucu?’ Ondan sonra Örümcek Adam’ın tehlikeleri önceden haber veren Örümcek Hissi gibi benim ‘Türkiye hissim’ devreye girip, bu adam hangi partiye ait olduğunu çözmeye çalışmaya başlıyorum.’ İtiraf etmek zorunda kalsam bir hastalıktan mustarıp oluyorum—Freud’in tarif ettiği ‘bıyık kışkançlığı’. Babamın Alevi dedesi gibi pos bıyığına rağmen benim ki en gür halinde bile bir çölün solmuş ölmüş çalısı gibi oluyor, ki, bu ülkede beni bir hilkat garibesini ediyor. Muhtemelen bana da Başbakan ‘ucube’ derdi, görseydi.

Tamam tamam. Evet, doğru söylüyorsunuz. Karşılıklı oluyor. Eminim ki, Türkiye’den biri Amerika’ya gidip gezerse, aynen böyle bilinç altında varsayımlar yapar. İstanbul’da Amerikan erkek modasınin temsilcisi olarak (aman!) Türkiyeli öğrencilerim sürekli benim kravatlarımın yaydığı mesajlarını yorumlamaya çalışıyorlar mesela. Bir turkuaz kravatım var. Taktığım zaman öğrenciler beni biraz daha uysalca dinleme eğilimi gösteriyorlar. Fakat Japonya’dan aldığım elle cizilmiş kırmızı balıklı desenli kravatımı takarsam, oohoo, çok nostaljik ve duygusal oluyorlar. Sadece eski güzel günlerinden muhabbet edip hasret gidermek istiyorlar. ‘Hocam, hatırlıyor musunuz? İlk defa o kravatı gördüğüm zaman benim telefonum derste caldı ve siz bana müdüre gönderdiniz! Ne kadar bağırdınız bana! Ne kadar gençtim.’ Korkuyorum ki, benim giysilerim istemeden her yere sinyal saçıyorlar, hem benim kontrolum dışında çıkmış bir şekilde, yani ipin ucu kaçtı. Bazen fermuar kapatmayı unutuyorum. O ne diyor herkese? Bana sadece bir tür unutkanlık iletiyor, ama Allah bilir, bu kültürde bir savaş ilanı olabilir.

Amerikalı iş arkadaşlarımdan oldukça genç, bir öğretmen var. Yaşının yüzünden bazen sınıfta disiplin sorunları yaşıyor. Bir akşam efkarlarımızı dağıtmak için bir yerde bira içiyorduk. Çocuk kafa yiyordu. O gün öğrenciler son derece vahşiymiş, neredeyse onu gebertmişler. Kafamızı bayağı iyi olunca arkadaşımın sorununu çözmek için, onun daha ciddice daha efendi gibi muhafazakar giysi giymesi gerektiğini karar verdik. Böyle çocukların bilinçlerinin altında biraz saygı uyandırabilir sandık. Ertesi gün, bu zavallı arkadaş kırmızı beyaz kareli gömlekle okula geldi. Aynen bir masa örtüsüne benziyordu. Ayrıca, taktığı kravat üstünde bir kaniş yavrusunun resmi çizildi. Çok feci bir kombin, ama iyimser olmaya çalıştım.

‘Henüz ciddi bir şey bulmamışsın, ha? Bugün alışverişe gideceğiz.’

‘Yooo,’ dedi. ‘Bunu aldım, dün akşam. Orta yaşlının giydiği gibi bir şey, değil mi? Çocuklar bu gömleği görünce, bir amca yada bir memur aklarına gelecek.’

Ya bir köpek sofrada dolaşıyor diyecekler.

‘Ne zaman böyle giyenen bir adam gördün, allah aşkına?’ dedim. ‘Diğer öğretmenlerin ne giydiklerine hiç göz atmadın mı?’

‘Modadan bir şey bilmiyorsun,’ diye karşılık verdi. ‘Sen ki hiç fermuarını kapatmayı hatırlayamıyorsun!’

Harbiden, modadan hiç bir şey bilmiyorum. Evet.

Türkiye’ye geldim geleli altı yıl oldu artık. Bıyıksızlığımı bir yana bırak, bir yerli erkeğinden o kadar farklı görünmüyorum. Bayağı esmerim. Gözlerim, mesela, çok koyu bir kahve rengi. Saçım da öyle. Tenim beyazımsı, tamam, ama klasik bir İngiliz gibi şeffaf hayalet gibi değilim. Kiyafetimi hep Türkiye’de satın aldım—stilim ‘yerli’ yani. Yine de, her İstiklal yada Mısır Çarşı’dan yürüdüğüm zaman, tezgahtarlar aniden ama aniden benim yabancı olduğumu kavrıyorlar ve yolumu kesip ‘Hello! Hello! Buy something’ diyerek bana saldırıyorlar. Ama nasıl, nereden biliyorlar? Tip olarak Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ’dan katbekat daha klasik Türk’e benziyorum. Biraz Acun Ilıcalı’ya benzerliğim bile var. Nerden bu yabancı muamelesi? Çok abartılı şey istemiyorum, aslında. Yalnız günlük hayatımda biri bir kutu lokma bana satmaya çalışmadan bir günü geçirebilmek istiyorum. O kadar. Bu yüzden hiç kimsenin tarafından tanınmayacağım sırrını aramaktayım, bu altı yıldır.

Bu sırrın peşinde bir deney yaptım, bir gün. Kendimi Buraklaştırdım! İlk önce yapabildiğim kadar bir sakal bıraktım. Ondan sonra, bir gömlek giyip, karnıma kadar düğmeleri açtım. Onun üzerinde bir siyah deri ceketi omzuma attım, gittim Mısır Çarşı’ya. Kabadayı gibi bir taraftan öbür tarafa göğsümü gere gere yürüdüm, kaşlarım çatarak. Yemin ederim hiç kimse bana ‘hello’ demedi. Ben yerliyim sandılar, o yüzden mi acaba, yoksa sadece kaçınılması gereken bir  manyağim zannetikleri için miydi?

Genel olarak, bu yabancı olduğumu teşhir eden sinyal yaymamı durdurmak istiyorum, fakat, ne tuhaf ki ara sıra benim ‘yabancılığımı’ muhafaza etmeyi tercih ediyorum. Sözgelimi yeni evlendiğim zaman benim evde eşofmanla dolanmayı kesin reddim mesela. Türkiye’de neden her erkek eşikten geçer geçmez hemen bir eşoman giyer diye merak ediyordum. Hatta, sokakta gördüğüm erkeklere göre bir eşofman herhangi bir yerde ve durumda uygun bir giyimmiş. Benim Amerikan gözlerim için biraz fazla rahat, biraz sapık bile görünüyor. Bir misafir gelip eşofmanlı halimi görşe ne söylecek? Amerika’da bir eşofman giyersen ya spor külübünde sırf terli erkeklerin arasında antrenman yapıyorsun ya sapıklık yapmaya karanlık bir tiyatroya geldin ya New Jersey’lisin. Sakın bir kadın senin böyle giyinmeni görmesin. Sosyal hayatın biter!

Benim yaştaki bir Amerikalı evde kendine rahat hissetmek isterse genelde kot pantalon giyer. Valla. Türkiye’de ben de öyle yapıyordum. Fakat her eve gelen misafirimiz art arda soruyordu, ‘niye eşofman giymiyorsun? Daha rahat olacaksın!’ Yıllarca ayak diriyordum. Asla giymeyeceğim! Asla giymeyeceğim! Bir prensip, bir onur meselesi bile gibime geliyordu. Ama şimdi, nedense, benim eşofmanımı bulamıyorsam tepeme atıyorum. ‘O lanetli eşofman neeeeerde?’ eşime bağırıp, çaresizlikten dolaptan her şey fırlatarak bir acil arayışa başlarım. Bu ne demek acaba? Bana özgü Amerıkalılığımı yitirip asimile mi olmuşum? Bu eşofman ne kadar memleketimin törelerine ihanet ettiğim bir sembol mu oldu? Bilmem. Ben sadece eşomanımı istiyorum!

Demişler ki, kadınlar ve kızlar medya ve reklamlar tarafından çok etkileniyor. Dergi ve televizyondaki mankenler ve ünlüler bir kızın öz-imajını şekillendirebiliyor. Emin ol ki, erkek için iki kat daha geçerli, ama biz kabul edemeyiz.Ben bu fenomene ‘Cennet Kuşu Sendromu’ diyorum. ‘Gezegenimiz Dünya’ diye doğa belgeseli hiç izlediniz mi? You Tube’da da bulabilirsiniz. Bir kuş var, Yeni Gine’de. Cennet Kuşu. Rengarenk erkek kuşu kur yapmak için derviş gibi bir dans yapar ama bu dans yapmadan önce, hatta dişi hiç piyasa da yokken, hazırlık yapıyor. Bekar kuş dans için bir sahne kurup, kurduğu sahneyi bir çırpıyla süpüruyor. Ondan sonra gagasına bir yaprak alıp, bu yaprağı bezi olarak kullanarak etraftaki dalları bile siliyor. Mumların yakıp romantik müziğini koymasını bile bekliyordum! Erkek kuşu birkaç kız tavlama ötmeleri attıktan sonra, renksiz zevksiz dişi Cennet Kuşu bir dala konup, garibanımızın yaptığı dansı seyretmeye geliyor. Bu dans mühteşem bir performans ama. Tam bir dervişin seması gibi, dönüp dönüp, tüylerin renklerini tüm ihtişamıyla sergiliyor. Bu dans hatasız olması şart, çünkü öyle değilşe bir sürü aynı dans kusursuzca yapabilen erkek cennet kuşları var, ormanda, dişi onların yanlarına gidecek. (Maalesef, You Tube’da ki videoda dans bitince kız biraz düşündükten sonra, uçup kaçıyor! Bir teşekkür bile söylemeden.)

Insanoğlu erkekler olarak da biz çok benzer bir dansı yapmaya çalışıyoruz. Bir dişinin gözünü almak için envai çeşit kur yöntemleri deniyoruz ve fikir için etrafımızdaki erkeklere bakıyoruz. Biyologik açısından en az onlara kadar renkli olmamız lazım yani. Bu bir bilim gerçek değilse neden hepimiz tamamen aynı modayla giyiniyoruz? Benim tüylerim onun tüyleri kadar gösterişli olması gerekiyor, çünkü. Bugünlerde Türkiye’nin erkeklerinin tüyleri sık beyaz tişört olmuş. Benim çalıştığım lisedeki çocuklar üniform gibi giyiyorlar. Geçen yılın ilkbaharında ilk defa fark ettim—bir sınıfta on erkek öğrenci aynı beyaz tişört giyiyordu. Allah allah, bir maç mı var bugün kendime dedim. Bu nasıl bir forma! Ondan sonra sanki sokaktaki yanımdan geçen erkeklerin yüzde altmışı da giyiyordu. Bir iki erkek için spor salonunda deli gibi çalıştıktan sonra kazanmayı başardığı iri kaslarını gösterebilimek için bir şeçenek, ama çoğunluğumuz için, bu beyaz tişörtün en çok gösterdiği özellik ya bir göbek ya cılız bir gögüs ya erkek memeleri. Ama vücudun tipi ne olsa olsun, dar beyaz tişört modası büyüyor.

Türkiye’de yaşayan bir Amerikalı erkek olarak bazen kafam allak bullak oluyor, çok kültürlülüğümden. Benim kur yapma dansım çoktan memleketimin erkeklerinden öğrenmiştim benimsemiştim ama her gün etrafımdaki erkeklerden etkilenmeyeceğim demek değil. Yani aylarca ben eve gelirken aynı dükkandan geçiyordum. Her gün vitrinde aynı dar beyaz tişört’e benzer uzun kollu kazağa gözüm koydu. Giyinen idmanlı manken yaklışıklı olsa, bu kazakla ben de öyle olacağım. Gitgide kendimin bu dar beyaz kazakla sokakta göğsümü gere gere yürüdüğümü hayal etmeye başladım. Yakasını kaldırıp geniş omuzlarımda siyah deri ceketim olacak. Bir sakal bırakamaszam bir takma sakal satın alabilirdim. Bir şey olmaz. Eşim bir bakışta yanıma koşa koşa gelip, bir büyülenmiş dişi cennet kuşu gibi ötmeye başlayacak.

Neye üğradığımı bilimiyorum. Biraz hafizamı kaybettmişim galiba ama bir baktım, dükkandan çıkıyordum, elimde bir poşet var. Poşetin içinde, o kazak! Giydiğimde eşimin tek yorumu şuydu ‘Sen çok kuro oldun . Üstüne bir şey giy.’ Şimdi dolabımın dibinde duruyor. Ara sıra eşimin sakladığı yerden çıkıyorum. Yatağın üstüne serip, gözlerimi dikip hasretle bakıyorum. Eşim evde değilse, onu giyip mutfağa kadar kabadayılık takınıp dolaşıyorum. İçimden beni bir kur yapma dansa çağıran içgüdüm var herhalde. Bir kaç dakika sonra aynaya baktığımda aklımı başına devşiriyor. Çıkartıp yere fırlatırım ve orada duran beyaz ucubeye korkuyla bakıyorum, denizin en derin, kara sularından kaçan mutasyona uğramış bir yaratığa bakmışım gibi. 

Son bir öğüt olarak bir şey söyleyim size. Bir süre yaşamak için yurt dışına giderseniz (özelikle erkekseniz) kendi stilinizle tam olarak nasıl bir mesaj verdiğinizi, yani, nasıl bir tipin dikkatini çekeceğnizden emin olmak için yerli erkeklerin kur yapma yöntemlerini gözemlemekle biraz vakit geçirseniz son derece faydalı olur bence. Yani Bostonda eski Türkiyeli öğrencilerimden biri gibi olmayın, sakın, o ki hem bayağı pos bir bıyığı bıraktı hem kahramanı David Beckam’ı özenerek ünlü futbolcunun o zamanlarda taktığı gibi her yer de şaç bandı takıyordu. Avrupa’da erkek modasının dünyasında çok şık bir şeçenek olabilirdi ama bu kombin, onun giydiği turkuaza çalan eşofmanla beraber, çok şaşırtıcı bir tipten ilgiyi çekti. Buraya kadar okuduğunuza göre bu tip artık tanıyorsunuzdur. Yani pornucuya benzeyen, ortayaşlı, bu öğrencimle aynı ‘giyim zevkisi’ olan bıyıklı erkekler. Kötünün iyisi, öğrencim mecburen onunla farklı cinsel yönelim olanlara biraz tolerans öğrenebildi. Ama onun kur yapma dansını izlemek için gökyüzünden uçup gelmesini beklediği kuşlar bunlar değildi herhalde. 

A couple of years back, I was a guest on a radio show here in Istanbul and a listener called in to ask this: ‘What was one of the most difficult things to get used to in Turkey?’ I think they were expecting me to say something like ‘şalgam suyu’ or ‘kokoreç’, but my answer was this. When you are shopping, no matter what kind of shop it is or what they are selling, the same young boy is out front with spiky hair and a black leather jacket, smoking a cigarette and typing into his i-Phone. Let’s call him Burak to make it easy. In any case, I’ve bought honey comb, cell phones, passport photos, and dishware from Burak. I’ve even gone with my wife to buy a bra, and 9 times out of 10, Burak is standing at the door ready to serve. It was the time we shopped for a bra that it really started to grab my attention. In America, you only see this type of guy in movies about the 50s or 60s, and he is always trouble, the last person in the world to talk to you about the quality of cloth in your fine linens. I think of James Dean’s character in Rebel Without A Cause—of the knife fight where Dean’s character hold’s a knife to the throat of the local bully and threatens to slice him open. In Turkey, this guy would have a kitchenware store and sell the knives at a discount if you pay in cash. Because of this image I’ve brought from home, whenever I see the guy in the black leather jacket smoking in the doorway, I tend to hurry by and check for my wallet, which means I get very little shopping done.

There are lots of little fashion differences that produce these subconcious reactions. Th e moustache for example. It’s a very manly thing to have a moustache in Turkey—and why shouldn’t it be? Most women--with certain exceptions, an old manager of mine for instance--cannot manage bushy facial hair. In Turkey, the moustache can even bestow on one his political identity. A narrow moustache like the Prime Minister’s—you’re an AKP supporter, probably a ‘liberally conservative’ Muslim. A bushy moustache that hides most of your mouth—a leftist, probably a Kurd. Barış Manchovari sarkık bir bıyığınız var mı? You are probably a nationalist in the MHP. I’ve even found a website that describes traditional Ottoman moustaches and how each one corresponds to a specific trade. The moustache in America means one of two things—you are a porn star, or you are gay. Moustaches went out of fashion in the 70s (something no one every told my father)—and having one is a bit like having an eight track. It remains a macho fetish among the gay community, I think, because of Freddy Mercury and the Village People. Why porn stars—who, you would think, would be the very opposite of a gay stereotype? Or not? I have no clue. Some sort of signal of atavistic machoness? In any case, when I see one of the ubiquitous Turkish moustaches my first impression is ‘gay’, my second is ‘porn star’, and when my second culture spider sense kicks in I start to try and figure out what political party the guy belongs to. To be honest, I’ve been here so long that I now suffer from a disease that I can only call Moustache Envy. Despite my father’s leftist facial hair, I cannot manage but the most paltry of moustaches which, in Turkey, makes me somewhat of a circus freak.

I imagine that the same sorts of subconcious assumptions go on all the time when someone from Turkey visits the U.S. My students are endlessly commenting on my ties for example, which seem to give off messages that I’m completely unaware of. When I wear a certain turquoise tie, I notice that the kids tend to be a bit quieter and when I wear a tie that has a hand painted Koi fish on it, they veer toward nostalgia. ‘Remember teacher, our first day of class? You wore that tie then and you said the funniest thing to me!’ I fear I am giving off all sorts of subliminal signals I have absolutely no control over with my wardrobe. God knows what my indifference to zipping my pants is saying. To me it says, unutkanlık. To them it might be some kind of declaration of war.

One of my American colleagues is a bit on the young side, and struggles sometimes with discipline problems in the class room. Over a couple of beers, we decided that a more serious, conservative wardrobe might subconsciously inspire some discipline. The poor guy showed up the next day wearing a red and white checked shirt that looked for all intents and purposes like a table cloth. On top of that, he wore a tie with pictures of dogs on it. ‘I think this is definitely something an older man would wear,’ he said. ‘When the kids see this they will think of a father or uncle.’ Or, I thought, they will think there’s a dog loose on the dinner table. ‘What older man have you ever seen wear something like that?’ I asked. ‘Have you looked around at the other teachers?’

‘What do you know?’ he retorted. ‘Half the time you don’t even remember to zip your pants!’

What do I know indeed.

I have been here for nearly six years at this point. I don’t look all that different from a local, except for the lack of facial hair. I have dark hair, dark eyes, am pale enough but not bleach white. All of my clothes were bought in Turkey at this point, too, so my style should be local, and yet whenever I walk down, say İstiklal or through the Mısır Çarşısı everyone knows instantly I’m a foreigner and attacks me with ‘Hello hello buy this.’ In day to day life, one wants to get through the day without anyone trying to sell you a box of lokum, so I have long been after the secret of not being recognized. I did an experiment once. I let what facial hair I could grow, grow. I put on a button down shirt and opened it halfway down my belly, then threw on a faux leather jacket. I strutted through the Mısır Çarşı with a bored scowl, and low and behold, not one person ran after me saying ‘hello’. Did they think I was local? Or simply an idiot?

And yet, bizarrely, at other times, I try to preserve my foreigness—my initial refusal to wear sweat pants at home for instance. Why does every man immediately change into sweat pants, I wondered, as soon as they get in the door? They look kind of sloppy, to my mind, and what if company comes over? What if somebody sees? The only time you wear these things in America is if you are among other guys at a smelly gym or if you are from New Jersey. An American man my age generally wears jeans when he wants to feel relaxed at home. And yet in-law after in-law kept asking ‘Where are you sweat pants? Don’t you want to be comfortable?’ For years, I dug in my heels. It seemed a matter of principle. Or honor even. And now, for some reason, I get angry when I can’t find them. ‘Where are my damn sweat pants?’ I’ll bellow in frustration from the wardrobe as I throw everything aside in a desperate search. Have I lost my unique Americanness and become a local? Is this a mark of how disloyal I am to my own homeland’s values? I don’t know. I just know I want my sweat pants.

I think we human males go through a similar ritual. To attract and keep our females we do all sorts of courtship rituals and take our signals from what the other males around us our doing. We are always looking around you at the other birds to evaluate the competition. Why else would we all suddenly start dressing the same? How else can you explain the sudden proliferation of the tight white t-shirts for example? I noticed it first at school last spring, how our high school boys wore it like a uniform and then, it seemed that nearly half of Istanbul’s men were wearing the same outfit. For a few of them, I suppose, it shows off well toned muscles. Mostly though, it accents pot bellies or man boobs or bird-chests. But it doesn’t matter your body type—the tight white T-shirt phenomenon grows.

As an American, I’m a bit confused. I get my courtship ritual dance from the boys back home but I can’t help be affected by what I see here, too. Yani, for a long time I have been compulsely walking by a clothing store just up the street. Every day I look at the same white winter shirt that covers the well-toned plastic body of the store mannequin. Slowly, I started to envision myself strutting down the street wearing it, my brown leather jacket thrown over my wide shoulders, my collar turned up, my muscles bulging. My wife would purr and sidle up to me, like an entranced female paradise bird. Before I knew what I was doing, I entered the store and was having Burak take it off the mannequin and put it in a bag for me. When I first threw it on my wife’s only comment was ‘You’d better wear a shirt over it or else it’ll look too kuro.’ Now it just sits in my wardrobe. I’ll take it out once in a while and stare at it longingly. Perhaps there’s some sort of deep instinct summoning me to a courtship dance. And then reason kicks in and I stare at the thing in horror, like its some mutated sea creature washed ashore during a storm.

Let me end with one last thing—if you ever go to another country to live, and especially if you are a male, spend a little time watching the courtship displays of the local men just to be sure of what kind of mate you’re attracting. Don’t be like one of my Turkish ex-students in Boston for instance, who, not only sported a moustache but wore a hair band in homage to his idol, David Beckham. The bomb, in Europe perhaps, but this in combination with some pale blue sweat pants led to several offers of a date from older porn star looking men who had remarkably similar tastes in clothes. On the bright side, I suppose, he did learn to be more tolerant toward people of different sexual orientations—mecburen. But I don’t think these were the birds he’d hoped would come swooping down through the trees.

 

Summer in Dersim

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DERSIM

I have never seen the Dersim region covered by an official English guidebook. (Maybe that’s changed with the newest edition of Lonely Planet) God knows why. Fear of the PKK, obesiance to the general Turkish taboo on even mentioning the region or just simply not on the plate of the authors they choose? Whatever the reason, they’re missing out on perhaps one of the best regions of the country.  We spent a few days in Dersim this summer and this entry will hopefully give you enough of a taste to make you want to go there yourself and help you do it, too.

Dersim (whose official name, for the moment at least, remains Tunceli for those with maps) is culturally contrary and complex. Almost entirely enclosed by steep mountains and filled with canyons and gorges,  it was thus, for centuries, too difficult of access for the government to effectively control. It was and is populated mostly by Alevi Kurds speaking a dialect of Kurdish called Zaza by the mainstream and Dimilli by natives of the region.

An aside—Alevis, in brief, are a kind of fusion faith of Islam with local Anatolian animism and Bektaşi mysticism, all with a dash of Zoroasteriansm and Christianity. (Think Mexican Catholicism) They don’t worship in mosques, but rather places called Cem Houses, and men and women lead the worship together, mostly with music and dancing. Ali is the most important figure—and like Shiis, in their ceremonies they remember the massacre of Hasan and Husseyn at Kerbala. They have been ruthlessly, at times, persecuted by the state and the majority, most recently when a mob, most likely with government collusion, burned down the Madimak Hotel in Sivas which was hosting an Alevi convention. 35 people died in the fire.

Most people in Dersim setttled because they were fleeing something—either they were Alevis fleeing the massacres of Sultan Yavuz the Grim or, according to one researcher, Zoroastrian Armenians fleeing the recently Christianized Armenia. More recently, some came because they were seeking refuge from the Armenian Genocide or because they were bandits who made their living raiding travelers from the mountains. Whatever the reason and because they were largely Kurds and Alevi and preferred to act independently of the central government, they were not well-liked in Ankara and thus, in 1938, the Turks decided to pacify the region—relocating thousands on forced marches into exile and murdering thousands more in a feverish ethnic cleansing. The scars are still evident in the region today. The 1938 massacres is what gives the region it’s air of taboo—nationalist still stridently deny it ever happened (but if it did they deserved it, of course) though the current government has issued a mild apology for the events. In 1936, the name was changed to Tunceli (and some of the original Dersim lands parceled out to surrounding provinces) as part of a Turkification process and apparently a change back to ‘Dersim’ is now on the official docket—but we’ll see. Using the word ‘Dersim’, at least as far as I can see, marks you politically as against the nationalists so be warned.

Enough history—onto the travels.

We rented a car in Elazığ and drove up from Kovancılar, through Mazgirt. The first place we stopped was Tunceli, a city built on mountainsides surrounding the famous Munzur River. The weather was excruciatingly hot and so we ducked into one of the cafes along the river and had a glass of cold Coke on the terrace. The view was beautiful—the blue-green river wound under a bridge just below the cliffs from where we sat. There are dozens of terraced cafes around here. Many at night feature live music—some kind of free style where any musician can hop on stage and some following a schedule of professional musicians.
The Munzur River


A roadside 'scenic point' on the Munzur
An aside--Dersim produces some of the best music in all of Turkey, perhaps in all of the Middle East. It’s some witchy combination of suffering and independence and awe-filled nature and mountain-folk resiliance, perhaps. Or maybe, as the pop-culture site Ekşi Sözlük (Sour Dictionary) suggests, it’s because as Alevis and Zazas and Kurds, they are a minority of a minority of a minority. Just a brief and rather inadequate preview of music is called for at this point, for if you travel there you should have at least a passing familiarity. First, let’s start with Mikail Aslan from Tunceli who sings mostly in Zaza (Dimilli) but also in Kurmanci, Armenian and Turkish. He uses a blend of traditional instruments like the bağlama and occasionally western ones, especially the clarinet. Here’s one of my favorites by him, a tad upbeat in what generally is a genre of melancholy. It’s called Way Way Ninna 

Ahmet Aslan is his cousin from another Dersim city, Hozat. We saw him in concert last year at the Dersim Music and Culture festival and he was mesmerizing—one of those musicians who never really address the crowd and spend all their time absorbed in their art—a stellar live performer (even if he made the halay dancing crowds angry for not pandering to them). Here’s a rather melancholy one by him that I am fond of.

Here’s another rather melancholyone by Emir Erdoğan, a musician from the village of Zımteq in Hozat. In an interview, Erdoğan explained being a Dersimli thusly, ‘Dersim is the nationality of exiles. We suffered through two very serious forced exiles and in a sense, they’ve never ended for we are still in exile.’

Finally, I have to mention Aynur Doğan who sings in Zaza, Kurmanci, and Turkish. She is from Çemişgezek and has a voice like an atom bomb. True to form, the Turkish government banned her albums for a while and she was chased off the stage by nationalists at one of the concerts we attended a couple of years ago—a sure sign of quality in these parts. Here’s a sample.

There’s tons more but those four give you a taste.
The Munzur Gorge
 
 
From Tunceli we set out through the Munzur Valley. ‘Valley’ is a dictionary translation for the Turkish ‘vadi’, but only because Turkish generally doesn’t bother making a distinction between a valley and a canyon. Munzur Vadisi is a canyon—and the road winds along the blue-green Munzur River through a deep, forbidding gorge with cliffs of red, maroon, and umber rock that are utterly gorgeous. In my opinion, it rivals the canyons of America’s Southwest. The mesmerizing drive through the gorge alone is worth the trip. There are a few little trout restaurants along the river where people eat, drink and swim. This is one thing I love about the Dersimlis—they swim! The people over the border in Bingöl are afraid of water—either it’s too cold and it will shut down your kidneys or it’s too warm and will make your heart stop or it’s fresh water and so it sucks you under or it’s a dam lake so your foot will get caught on a house. But not the Dersim folks—they are in the water everywhere we look.


And here is where Seyid Rıza took the oath with his posse
Swimming at Halvori Boils
About 15 kilometers up from Tunceli Center you crest a narrow incline and start dipping down into a cleft between two steep canyon walls. There’s a turn off along the gorge wall toward a place the signs call ‘Halburi Gözeler’—göze means ‘spring boil’ and there are thousands of boils all along the river feeding the waters.  It’s a fantastic spot for a swim and a lunch—maybe one of the best places I’ve swum, ever. Certainly in the top 10.

To get to Halburi, you follow a sign to the ‘gözeler’ and veer off right onto a dirt road that winds down to the Munzur. After about five minutes, you spot a little cafe with tables set up amongst the tree roots that spider among the shallows of the river, so you can cool your feet as you drink your tea or beer. Here, the river bottom is all soft sand and clear at the shoreline, but brilliant cold green and deep in the center—you can jump from the cliffs on the other side with no problem. Across the water, bursting out of a cave in the cliff is a waterfall of ice cold spring water (the gözeler). The springs have made a bubbling pool inside the cave. I swam over to the waterfall and was joined by two local boys. In sun-drenched silence, we watched the trout play under a rocky overhang for a few seconds, then they asked my name and launched immediately into politics. They couldn’t have been more than fifteen. The conversation started with ‘Where are you from?’ and quickly jumped into ‘We are Alevis and we hate Erdoğan. Can you believe he wants to dam this river?’

Dams are a big problem in this region—but they didn’t start with the AKP. A similar river in my wife’s province of Bingöl, the Peri, has been dammed eight times since the early 80’s with a ninth one planned. The level of corruption is absurd—everyone knows these rivers can barely sustain one dam but someone is lining their pockets with the money from these projects. Most locals theorize that the government does it to disrupt the movement of guerilla troops.There are plans now by the government to dam the Munzur despite the environmental havoc it would wreak.

Halburi is spelled many ways, Xalwori on the Zaza sign near the restaurant and Halvori in a 19th century travel book I discovered—written by a Captain L. Molyneuz-Seel during an exploration he undertook of the region for National Geographic at the end of the 1800’s. Of ‘Halvori’ he writes, ‘About 300 feet above the river bed is the last Armenian monastery in Dersim, Surp Garabet Vank, and it only survives because the Kurds believe it possesses a miraculous relic of St. John the Baptist. To this day, Kurds make pilgramages to the monastery to be cured of diseases. Curiously enough, the disease which most frequently brings them to the monastery is said by the monks to be insanity. The community consists of one monk and his three nephews, without exception the dirtiest and most degraded looking people I have seen in all of Dersim.’

We saw no traces of a monastery here—though it would have been up on the cliffs above. The owner of the cafe, when asked about the name Halvori, said it was neither Turkish, Kurmanci, nor Zaza. We asked if he thought it was Armenian and he simply said he had no truck with the past. According to a book on Dersim by local Hüseyin Aygün, there were once 12 churches in the area. The book I speak of is Dersim 1938, the Official story and the Truth, and in it I find Halvori’s other claim to fame. It was here, at the very boils where I jumped into the river, that Seyid Riza and his alleys made an oath to resist the Turkish forces that were massacring Dersim’s villages. According to a book by Hüseyin Aygün, “In Spring, because of the military operations, all the clans were in an uproar. A meeting was held at the Halvori Boils in March. It was joined by Seyid Rıza, Seyid Hüseyin, and the Ağas Cebrail, Kamer, and Fındık. They arrived at the opinion that if the government’s intentions were bad, then they had the right to defend their lives. With this, they threw stones into the Munzur. They swore on oath, passing these rocks from hand to hand and tossing them in the water. A few months later, in the summer of 1938, Turkish soldiers gathered together all the villagers in front of the mills and massacred them, then threw the bodies in the river. For days, the river was clogged with corpses.”

There you have why perhaps so much of Dersims natural grandeur is also tinged with gloom and resistance. Here is this breath-stealing gorgeous swimming-hole in a beautiful canyon, and it’s filled with the ghosts of two genocides. It’s a jeweled, haunted, gorgeous, tough-skinned, welcoming and melancholy place.  

While traveling through the canyon you’ll see all sorts of banners, posters, and grafitti hanging from trees and strung—improbably—across cliff-faces. One of the one’s you will see most is Seyid Rıza himself, who, as mentioned above, was one of the leaders of the Dersim Rebellion against Turkish troops once they started ethnic cleansing the region. Turkey executed him for treason (if resisting a genocide is treason)—in a manner that I think still reflects a still-current national zeitgeist of ignoring the law and exacting a revenge for people trying to stop you from murdering them. The trial was conducted in a language none of the suspects understood and no translators were provided. Because Ataturk was coming to visit and because the prosecutors feared he might issue an amnesty, they pushed for a verdict on a Saturday, when courts do not normally operate. Seyid Rıza reportedly did not understand what was happening at all until he saw the gallows. I don’t know if it’s apocryphal or not, but his last words were, “I have a 40 lira watch. Give it to my son.” To which the gallows men replied, “We will hang him, too.” Rıza—who had already lost one child in the fighting said, referring to his children, “I have lost the key to these mountains! At least, hang him before me.” And of course, the authorities did not comply. Another famous last line, oft quoted, was this, “Ben sizin yalan ve hilelerinizle basedemedim bu bana dert oldu ama ben de sizin önünüzde egilmedim bu da size dert olsun.” I could not cope with your lies and trickery and this became a terrible grief for me, but I never lowered my head to you, and this will become a terrible grief for you.”

The other poster face you will see is that of Ibrahim Kaypakkaya, the iconic image of him being that of a kind-looking, young worker type in a granpa hat. He was the leader of the Turkish communists and formed the organization TİKKO (workers and peasants liberation army) which was the armed wing of his version of the Communist party. They were active in the Dersim region, where he was finally caught after a battle with government forces and brought to Diyarbekir prison. There, as was most everyone who was brought to Diyarbekir’s prisons, he was tortured before being executed. MIT (Turkey’s CIA, not the university) called him the ‘most dangerous revolutionary in Turkey.’ He is revered now as a kind of Turkish Che Guevara for having spoken out against Kemalism and the rather monolithic ideology of the Turkish State.

The road to Ovacık
And speaking of communists, we speed past the occasional images of these guys toward our ultimate destination, the source of the Munzur River (The Munzur Gözeleri) which lies just 15km north of Ovacık, a town which recently elected the communist party to head the municipality. I know, crazy! The road through Ovacık is breathtaking—a flat red plane of farmland that runs straight into the stark wall of red and maroon peaks of the the Mercan Mountain range. “This looks like how I always imagined Uzbekistan or one of those countries,” says our traveling companion, Carolilna. There seem to be no trees on the mountains—just cliff and crag, rock and precipice. They are utterly breathtaking. We stop in Ovacık for some fruit and snacks—I don’t know that a see any signs of a communist government anywhere, but the beer if 50 kuruş cheaper and the grapes are good.

Communist Ovacık with a little nod to Gezi
The Gözeler are 15 kilometers further up at the end of the road. We park in a kind of festival atmosphere among vendor stalls and outdoor gözleme restaurants. The water is below. Each set of boils is enclosed by a wall that captures the spring water in a bright, clear pool. People fill their water bottles here, and the water is so cold that just holding my hand in it for more than five seconds freeze-burns my skin. We hike up a trail behind the boils where you find more springs popping out the mountain side in little streams, though there was not much snow this year and lots of dry streambeds spider-web through the meadows as evidence of the drought. The trail winds into the high pastures and valleys of the Mercan peaks and offers stark views of the valley below with its bright green poplars and willows along the water’s edge.


The shrine at the entrance to the gözler
The valley above the boils
At the entrance to the Gözeler is a shrine in the side of a mountain called a ‘Ziyaret’ in Alevi culture, which means ‘visit’ in Turkish. Some Alevi traditions are animistic—if there is a cave or a spring or a mountain top, then people will set up a shrine to the power that dwells there. Generally, you light candles and pray or make wishes. Some ziyarets are thought to have the power to heal. We see these ziyaretsall throughout the Dersim region. A man at the boils sells us candles for 30 kuruş each. After we light them, he hands us a piece of lokma (parxaç in my wife’s region of Xolxol) which is a sacred bread appropriate for the atmosphere of the place.

People climbing rocks above the willows at the boils

Folks dancing the govend/halay in the meadows above the boils
Among the pools of the boils are picnic tables and families enjoying a days outing. People barbecue and play volleyball or just sit and chat on the bridges.

We stay the night near Ovacık in a bungalow cabin called Elbaba Camping. It sits up from the river and has wonderful views of the Mercan mountains. The owner is named Mahmut Bey and he’s a bank of information on everything from geology to biology to local history. We learn from him just how much of the region we have missed. North of here is a waterfall called the 40 Stairs Fall (Kırk Merdiven Şelalesi) which is one of the highest in the world. Also nearby is Mercan Canyon, even more stark than the Munzur Canyon, he promises, and there’s even a third canyon accessible only by strenuous hiking. Over the peaks of the the Mercan mountains are 7 crater lakes and another gorge called the Havaçor. Mahmut Bey offers hiking tours to all of the above which, unfortunately, we did not have the time to take advantage of.

Mahmut Bey is an interesting guy. His campgrounds/hotel is full of birds—ducks, geese, chickens and pigeons, all of whom come waddle-running when he whistles. For a while, he had a sort of pet bear that he fed honey to just outside the hotel grounds. ‘It got to where I would find him sitting out on the roadside around dinner time!’ Mahmut Bey explains. ‘But I stopped doing that. A biologists told me that it would hurt his immune system because he would stop hunting and only focus on what I fed him.’ He also knows a lot about the local flora of the region—with books upon books about the different herbal treatments they are useful for.
El Baba Camping

 

Elbaba has a firepit and Mahmut Bey’s staff set up a large screen to watch movies. We watched Animal Planet as we chatted around the flames and sipped beers. In short, we loved Mahmut Bey and Elbaba and would highly recommend him to anyone staying in the region. It’s worth a few days in that mountain air.

Taking a right out of Tunceli City brings you to the Kutu Deresi, or Box River. The river is famous for ‘flowing red’ during the Dersim Massacres of 1938. Now it flows a bright pretty blue among small reddish gorges of it’s own. We stopped at a little cafe along the Kutu and had a delicious fried trout by the water. I swam of course—the water was so cold it took the breath away but the scenery was, as usual, breathtaking.
A cafe along the Kutu Deresi

A delicious fried trout

A distant waterfall from the roadside, on the way to Nazmiye
 

We continue up the river toward Duzgun Baba, a holy mountain to the Alevis, passing waterfalls and gorges and picturesque little villages of stone houses. The turn off for Duzgun Baba winds up a tiny curving road past flocks of goats and little creeks until the pavement gives out on the slopes of Duzgun itself. At the base of the mountain you can have tea or sacrifice a goat if you want, and then begin your ascent. The climb is not hard—you never have to do anything too serious or strenuous, but you should be fit and wear long pants—there are thistles and thorns everywhere. At the top is a gorgeous view of all the surrounding region—kilometers and kilometers of mountains. There’s also a ziyaret—a long pile of rocks that’s supposed to be mark the place that the saint disappeared.

From the climb up Duzgun Baba


From near the peak of Duzgun Baba

The ziyaret at the top of Duzgun
From the slopes of Duzgun you can see Mt. Silbus in the distance
The story of Duzgun is this. In Zaza, his name is Bava Duzgi and he was a shepherd during a time of severe drought. Only Duzgi’s goats seemed to be flourishing during the drought and curious as to how it was possible, Duzgi’s father, a Dervish, followed him up the mountain to watch him pasture his animals. There he saw his son wave a staff over the earth which immediately began to flower. One of the goats noticed Duzgi’s dad as he fed and sneezed. Duzgi looked up to see what the goat was bleating about. “What’s up? Did you see my father Mahmut?” he asked and then caught sight of his father out of the corner of his eyes. ‘Ashamed of having called out his father’s first name,’ the signboard at the mountain somewhat mysteriously explains, ‘Duzgi ran up the mountain and vanished. In three steps he cleared five kilometers and those three footprints are still visible on the mountain today.’ He is considered the strongest saint in Dersim and according to the aşık’s (Dersim’s traditional bards), he is the head of 366 saints. The mountain possesses certain powers, thanks to the saint. It can give a person a son, for example, and also can solve personal problems among people. If you have an issue with someone, you simply climb to the top of the mountain and pray for advice.

After Duzgun we drive  back down and take the road toward the town of Nazmiye. At the town center, we turn left to head up toward a place called Der Ova—a ‘waterfall’ recommended to us by one of the locals. We’re not sure exactly what to expect as the road gradually gets rougher and rougher and we shift into lower and lower gears. The scenery reminds me of the Painted Desert of Arizona—rocks and cliffs suddenly give way to these cone-hills of chemically colored sand, earthy maroons, reds, oranges, greens and yellows. A ‘kalekol’ or ‘police fortress’ looms up on our right. It’s a new one—freshly constructed. This is the Turkish government’s answer to the so-called Kurdish peace process, dozens of new military bases all throughout the region. The military presence has been heavy since we crossed the official Tunceli border, actually.  A couple of panzers were stopping cars just outside of Mazgırt for instance.

Anyway, we arrive at Derova and find a trout farm on a creek and a trail up to a large cliff wall that stretches maybe a hundred meters along the forest. A waterfall tumbles over the full length of the cliff and  a cafe has been constructed along the base of the falls. Some of the tables sit in the water.
The falls along the cliff wall at Dereova Cafe

A flower near the falls

 
A view from the tables in the cafe
 
We stop and have tea here, listen to a random performance by an old moustachioed aşık and then hike up into the mountains on a flower filled trail streaked with more mini-falls and streams. Like everywhere else in Dersim, the place is so tranquil and beautiful that we end up staying for a couple of hours instead of the intended few minutes, and then that doesn’t seem enough. There’s a story about Derova in Molneux-Seel’s book on his travels in Dersim. I quote:

“Der Ova is a corruption of the Armenian, Der Ohan or ‘Father John’. There was once a monastery and Armenian community here and this is the story of how it came to be abandoned. Forty years ago (1860ish) here lived a certain Armenian Melik, very rich and wealthy who had acquired such renown for his wisdom that the Kurds, whenever a dispute rose among them, used to appeal to him and accept his decision. One day, forty Kurds from Kutu Dere came to him and asked his decision in the case of a dispute that threatened to cause a bloody feud among them. During their stay at Der Ohan, the Kurds one day ventured to address some words of love to the beautiful daughter-in-law of the Melik as she was drinking from a well. The young Armenians were so incensed at this that that same night they massacred the entire Kurdish deputation. Then, fearing terrible vengeance, they collected their animals and possessions and took refuge in some villages around Erzincan. The fugitives numbered about 300, only a few old men with their wives stayed. Of these one survivor remains in the village to this day. The old man has two sons and two daughters, whom have all married Kurds and become Moslems.”

We head back to Elazığ on a different route—turning right out of Tunceli toward the town of Pertek. We don’t have time to stop in Pertek except for a bathroom break—but the restaurant we choose is so friendly what we can’t just take a leak and leave. They start to show us all the pictures of Dersim on the wall and explain each one. We finally have to beg a time crunch to escape their enthusiasm. The town if full of large adobe and stone houses that I have seen nowhere else in Turkey and sports a mosque that looks a lot like the black and white mosques in Diyarbekir. The road to Elazığ, as it turns out, is on a ferry across the Murat Dam. In the middle of the pale powder blue lake is the grand Pertek Castle which looms up picturesque as we cross the water. A scenic end to a scenic trip. On an another trip, I think Pertek would be worth a half-day stay. There’s a hot spring and the castle here and some grand mountain scenery.

Pertek Castle from the Ferry
The more people we talk to the more we find out about how much there is to see in Dersim. The town of Hozat, for example, you can find the 4000 year old Iron Age caves of Kalecik Village or the 3000 year old newly discovered ancient ruins of Rabat Castle. We will definitely be heading back.

 

Travel Info:

Transportation: You can rent a car—which in my opinion is the best thing to do—in Elazığ. We rented from Seyran Rentacar, run by Ömer Bey who was an excellent host. He even drove us around to do a few little errands before he took us to the airport to pick up our friends who were joining us on our Dersim trip. The car, in the summer rush (when nothing anywhere was available, reserve ahead!) was 120 TL a day. The phone number is 0530 263 9136. Ömer Bey speaks enough English to set you up. There are also minibusses that go to Tunceli from Elazığ airport and then minibusses from Tunceli center that go to all the places I’ve mentioned above.

For lodging—we stayed in student dorms, but also in Ovacık, at El Baba Camping, run by the excellent Mahmut-Bey. The food is good, breakfast is provided (and very local), and he provides information on rafting and leads his own treks. He speaks German but very little English—still, it’s enough to book. http://www.elbabaturizm.com.tr/konaklama

 

Defineciler Defolun!!! Get the hell out, plunderers

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I haven’t had the heart to write anything on this blog for a while. Before summer vacation even started, I stumbled on a website with information about the Urartu castle in Yayladere/Xolxol that I blogged about last year. The website was www.definelerim.com, “My treasures”, although the word defineler has a lot more nuance than the English treasure. It would more accurately translate in this case as plunder.  Basically, someone who huntsdefine goes to historic sites, digs up everything looking for gold, and then sells whatever they find to enrich themselves. The asshole who does this is called a defineci.

The website above is one of many in Turkey that serve as a central sharing of information for plunderers. What bothers me is that the person writing was directing everyone to go plunder whatever was left of the castle, but because he was on a cell phone, he couldn’t send any photos or information. So instead he directed his fellow tomb raiders to my blog for guidance. My blog, written in hopes of some sort of amateurish widening of knowledge about a little known piece of the world, would be what helped them further plunder and rape what was left of that very place.

Well fuck you, define hunters. 

And what’s worse, this guy claims to be a local.

A slightly bigger internet investigation revealed a whole slew of these tomb raider websites. There’s www.defineciler.com,  www.definesohbeti.com, and www.defineharitasi.com for instance.  While they don’t seem all that picky about which places they rob, there is a clear focus, of course, on old Armenian sites due to the widely held belief that the people marching to their deaths were all obscenely rich and ran around burying boxes of gold before being shot and bayoneted by the gendarme.

For example, on this page http://www.definesohbeti.com/archive/index.php/t-128.html, we get a partial list of all the Armenian villages and churches in Eastern Turkey as targets for plunder.

To make matters worse, we went to visit Conag for about a week and a half this summer and in that time, took a trip to the waterfalls and ruins of Pargasor, which I also wrote about last year. Lo and behold the entire site had been dug up. They had clearly brought in big machinery to do it, too. One of the chambers was completely ruined. Whoever was responsible wrote on all the rock walls “Attention! Mines have been laid!” Given the current atmosphere, it’s certainly possible, but more likely a ruse to dissuade other defineciler. Had they found this place because of my blog too? And of course, this site is located between two freshly built military bases. Did the soldiers do it? The locals? A group made up of both, finding common cause at last in blind greed?


Here is the webpage with the link to my blog. If you’d like, spam this creep. Or hunt him down and rob his house. 

In any case, I don't feel all that confident in the morality of writing these days. You do something for what you think is a noble reason and it's turned to rotten and foul purposes. Maybe the best solution is just to shut up.

NO PICTURES The Boys on the Beach

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(I am not including the pictures on this blog--they're everywhere. I think you can find them if you want to see.)

Juxtapositions

Two pictures of kids on a beach—the dead Syrian Kurdish boy (I can’t look too close, I want to describe the clothes but don’t want to look again. Was his shirt red?) and a picture of my friend’s son on a beach in Shimoda, Japan. 

My friend’s son is about three, maybe, and stands in the sand where the word chisai is written in hiragana. “Small.” He wears blue and yellow swim trunks and red shoes. He’s holding up something to the camera—shells? Rocks? The sand below the word “small” has a bright sheen from a Pacific wave freshly washed back. He has straight black hair. 

So does the other boy. But his shirt is red—I made myself look at the picture again (stomach in knots, face numb now.) Little blue shoes, twisted. He looks like he might be sleeping but for something awkward about his body’s position in the waves, and the waves, the same shiny wet sand as in the other photo, Aegean waves washing back. 


Yesterday while walking through Moda, I saw a boy between his parents. A toddler, staring down at his feet and watching them pick up the mechanics of walking. He looked up at me and grinned like, “See? Do you see?” I told him “Aferin!” and he squealed with laughter. “Look, I’m walking!” his laugh told all of us there on the street. He had straight black hair, too, the same chubby cheeks and squat body of the boys on the beach. The one on the Pacific and the one on the Aegean.

Photo Essay--What I Found in Karaca Ahmet Cemetery

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Today, after a visit to Zeynep Kamil hospital for some routine blood tests, I decided to walk home through the Karaca Ahmet Cemetery—a necropolis big enough and sprawling enough to get me halfway to our apartment by winding through its graves for an hour. Here is what I found.


Karaca Ahmet is one of the largest cemeteries in the world. It stretches a distance of over three miles, all the way from Üsküdar to Kadıköy, with pieces and patches broken off by highways and high rises. It dates back, according to Turkish sources, to the Arab siege of Constantinople--the last one ending in 782. It is thought that some of the soldiers from that campaign are buried here. Because records are sparse and the place so old, many graves remain anonymous or layered over by more modern ones or forgotten in weed and cat invaded forgotten corners. Among all the relatively modern graves you find pieces of ancient headstones cracked, broken or falling down between modern ones. Some estimate that there are millions of people buried here—a city of dead just as crowded and cramped as that of the living. I found this pile of head stones pushed up against the side of a recently purchased family plot. There were cracks in the ground beneath them with carved stone showing through--these newer graves had been lain over older ones.


The cemetery is like a labyrinth. For the most part, the graves are so thick, you can't fit through the paths that wind between them. In a city dominated by construction and skyrises and miles upon miles of uninterrupted apartment blocks, Karaca Ahmet is another dimension of green and quiet. There are firs and figs, pines and persimmon trees. In this picture you can see how closely the plots are placed. To get from one to the other you have to walk along the marble borders.


Parts of Karaca Ahmet have been "confiscated" by the city four times starting in 1917. Roads, apartments and stores have been built over cemetery land, and thus you will find patches of graves hidden behind a tekel or in the middle of a residential neighborhood, disconnected from the main body of dead but still clearly once having belonged to them (which also means scores of apartment blocks are built over the dead) This head stone was isolated behind a crumbing wall at the edge of a line of apartment blocks stretching all the way down to the sea. From the turban, you can tell it most likely belonged to an imam or a religious official. All the graves in this area bear turbans, but this one is unique in that dozens of snails had gathered beneath the brim. Was their some special magic or hikmet to this man? All over Anatolia people flock to the graves of these holy men believing some kind of power still hovers over their graves. The snails were a sign.


The turban on the tombstone at the front of this photo indicates the man buried beneath was part of the Imperial Council--the Divan-i Humayun. 



At one point, footpaths and debris give way to large brick-lain avenues that cross between "islands" of graves. I followed one down a hill until it was met by another. At one corner of the crossroad was a police box, at the opposite corner a pair of graves in white marble and gold lettering. A large crowd stood in front of these headstones, hands uplifted in prayer. Surreptiously, I crossed in front of them and glanced at the names, Ahmet and Tenzile Erdoğan, the parents of the "President". People were walking backward as they left the area (it is disrespectful to turn your back on someone holy). A bus passed by filled with women and parked just down the hill. They unloaded, about 30 of them, and walked two by two down to the graves of the Erdoğans. Women had to pray from behind a small wall, just out of sight of the men and there the bus passengers gathered, opened their hands and began to recite the Fatiha. I didn't want to get too close. Even when I took this picture, the guards came out of the police box and stared at me, hands on their hips, until I walked away. I doubt anything would have happened but the increasing threats to those who "disrespect" Erdoğan and the degree of worship I saw here led me to err on the side of caution. You can see the graves just to the left in this picture.



There are many graves of famous people throughout the cemetery, dating back all the way to the conquest. This grave belongs to Yusuf Nabi, "A Great Figure of Turkish Literature, Poet from Urfa" according to the inscription. He was a divan poet whose work often criticized the state and society in general. His pen name "Nabi" comes from the Kurdish "na bi" which means "Let it not be".


At one point, I took a short cut along the edge of the cemetery where it runs next to the highway. In a patch of weeds I found this flower--which, though you can't tell from the photo, was half the length of my forearm. The blossoms were so large and heavy that most of them hung toward the ground. Only this one managed to sit erect on the vine.
There is construction along the cemetery borders with the E5 highway. I took a picture of the road through a broken storm drain. It lay on the edge of a construction site that looked like it had dug into a portion of the cemetery grounds. 
Through a crack in the wall, I made my way back down into the cemetery. Here was another patch of Ottoman graves sticking up from the middle of modern ones. Toward the end of the Ottoman period, it seems that pictures started being placed on gravestones. The photo on the second picture belonged to a young naval officer.

The cemetery is still in use and many famous men and women from the Republican period are buried here. This is the grave of actor Ismail Hakki Dümbüllü. The inscription praises his contributions to the art of theater. He was one of the last represenatives of the traditional Ottoman theater style called Tuluat, a kind of folk theater based on improvisation of well-known stories. You can figure out why they crowned it with a red turban from this film clip.

One of the more recent graves is that of Serkan Acar--a defender for the Fenerbahçe football club (soccer) in the 70s. 

Much of the cemetery is now the dominion of cats. Old ladies sometimes set bowls of food among the tombstones. 

I left the cemetery around the Acibadem bus stop where the road emerges and leads to the Nautilus Mall. There, on the edge of the sidewalk was this modern reflection of the ancient Ottoman headstones.

Two portraits of Istanbul--another mini photo essay

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Recently, I've need to reminding of what's special about Istanbul, but even in the midst of the best of the city's charm, there are reminders of what's happening around us.





Beyoğlu, Europe

There's a new cafe just down from Galata tower, right in the middle of the "music han", the section of Beyoğlu devoted to stores that sell musical instruments. It specializes in Black Sea food, and the people that work there speak Laz, a dialect of Georgian. Instruments hang on the walls, kemençes, bağlamas, curas. I enjoyed a glass of red wine as Delal reads the news. Across the street is a bookshop playing old Moody Blues with a rack of art books in Georgian, French, German, Armenian and English. There's a book of fables in Kurdish. A Turkish biopic of the band Jethro Tull took a prominent place on one of the racks.

As the Moody Blues plays, behind us, two blond Americans sit down with an older dark complexioned man. A few seconds of eavesdropping give us the situation. One of the Americans is doing an interview, the other translating from Arabic. The third man is a Syrian refugee. I pick up pieces of his story over street noise, some of it also lost in translation (At one point, a near five minute conversation becomes one sentence when transferred to English.)

He fled the fighting in Syria to Erbil in Iraqi Kurdistan, where he'd worked as an accountant and made good money, enough to save several thousand euro. Then, for reasons I couldn't catch, he decided to go to Europe through Turkey. Running from ISIS maybe? So far, he'd made the attempt three times--twice by sea and once by land. Each time he'd been robbed by the men who had agreed to take him. The last time, deeming the sea passage too dangerous, he'd paid 4,500 euros to be taken over the border into Bulgaria. The smugglers had bungled the job, they'd been caught and sent back, and of course, they refused to refund his money.
At Çınaraltı "Under the Sycamore" in Çengelköy


Çengelköy, Asia

I meet Delal down by the water and we walk past the Greek church and up the hill. Two Ottoman köşks lean into each other over the road, the windows of the two cumba touching. On the wall of one is a faded portrait of Tayyip Erdoğan. Turkish flags hang everywhere. A couple of covered women dressed all in black walk by laughing.

We wind up the hill. Cats stare at us from walls. On the cement someone has written in Kurdish, "Biji Amed!"--Long Live Diyarbakır.


Up and up. This doesn't seem like the city we know--too green, too many trees. On the left is a steep swath of weedy wood, filled with fig, chestnut and peach trees and at some points the crumbling ruins of Ottoman mansions. Wild flowers dot the empty lots. At one point, there's a graveyard on the ledge that promises a view of the Bosphorous and the first bridge. We cross through the gate and are stopped by a guy standing outside a white car. It's unclear if he is a caretaker, a guard, just some nosy local.

"You can't go any further," he says. "It's forbidden. This is the President's land now."

He points to an area just up the road surrounded by a tall fence.

"We just wanted to see the view," we explain.

"There's a nice one," he admits almost apologetically, "But it's forbidden to go there."



We trace our way back down. A cat hisses at us from a top a kiremit tile. On the gates to one of the mansions is a knocker shaped like a Chinese dragon. We find a serious of cafes along the cobblestone back streets, one decorated with old furniture and antiques. They serve wine at delicate tables outside on the sidewalk. At a büfe on the corner we spy a bearded man in a turban preaching to a table full of young boys. He's talking about death. We don't stop. We don't want to draw attention but I keep hearing that word. Ölüm ölüm ölüm.

At one point, I ask an old man if he knows where there's a mosque.

"You have to go to the bathroom," he says smiling knowingly.

I nod.

He grabs my elbow and starts to walk me in the direction of the sea.

"There's a public restroom, just down there."

He's so full of sympathy that I think he must have just had some horrible toilet-searching experience. Delal says this area still has the spirit of the old Istanbul. We watch the sunset by the water, sailboats and yachts and fishing boats pull up to the seawall.

We enter one of the cafes and sit at a pretty bay window. I order green tea. It takes a second to see, hanging over the doorway, a pastel drawing of Aylan Kurdi, the Syrian toddler who drowned in the Aegean trying to flee to Greece.


Wandering the abandoned mansions--the Bienal on Büyük Ada

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I had a dream when I was a freshman in college, the culmination of a lifetime of recurring dreams of haunted houses. I wandered lost inside a wood mansion, full of stairways and panels in the wall, and rooms within rooms. I could feel there was something else in there with me, something unseen. Up and down stairs, empty rooms full just a second before I entered. I opened a panel in the wall of the living room and climbed down a narrow step into a basement room with a fireplace. Removing the bricks of the fireplace revealed another room. I knelt down and peered in—the feet of a chair, a dark red carpet. It was also fire-lit and I knew that whatever presence I had felt waited there. I crawled through and woke up.

I like art that raises a question in your mind that your rational side can’t answer—only an image, only an experience can provide some kind of release. The Istanbul Bienal has several exhibits this year among the crumbling mansions and köşks of Büyük Ada. The exhibitions and venues work together to weave a spell. When the exhibition disappoints, the house takes over.


A break in the old crumbling stone wall. You wander left and down toward the sea through thick wood—oleander and acacia and fig and palm. There’s a break in the tree and the red ruins of a köşk—red brick, red rust, the ruin of red blankets ripped up in the debris.

            It was once the Yanaros Mansion—a richly extravagant köşk overlooking the sea. İzzet Paşa, who conceived of the Armenian massacres under Abdul Hamid II was it’s original owner. Had he stood in one of those ruined windows and looked out toward the Asian shore dreaming of the killings to come, of the blood? 



The house passed to Trotsky, who wrote his history of the Russian revolution here, "It has been four and one-half years. I have the strange feeling of having my feet firmly planted on Büyükada." At sunrise, he would from the peer where the strange sculptures now stand in the water. White animals with mirror images of one another built in sea trash, rotting on their backs. The dead, the ghosts, the land of monsters, of demons and invisible presences breaking into the world of the living.




The tall ginger-bread towers of the Rizzo Palace jut up over the trees—of all the houses this is the one that most resembled the ones in my dreams. On the wooden porch is the small of long years of neglect and rickety old furniture. I catch the reflection of a woman in a dusty window overlooking a fly strewn table.


Sound feels the house. Speakers on each floor that makes the walls seem alive. There’s a dark basement, a narrow stair. You can peek into the ruins of a kitchen, a bathroom, a study, a broken window. A white curtain still flutters over a white dust window. There are roof tiles on the floor made in Marseilles, France. On the top two floors is a video. When I first look, a digital naked dead man is wandering a field of white, muttering “I’m sorry, I didn’t know.” When I last look, he is on a bed in a house that suddenly collapses beneath him into a black void.

I followed one woman as she peered behind a blackout curtain into the ruins of a bedroom—high ceiling, blue curtains, broken furniture and dust and a giant mirror with a French inscription, delicately carved woodedn frames.
“Muazzam!” she whispered. And something else waiting in that room heard her, something that no one had recognized in a century.




TheCihannuma—the World Viewer—a red tower with a 360 degree window that sticks up into the blue sky from the Mizzi mansion. Mizzi was a Maltese businessmen. His son, Giovanni, brought a telescope up into this tower and spied on all the islands and city and sea.






Inside is a “sound” exhibition. Susan Phillpsz has taken photos of a shipwreck and placed recordings of undersea noises all throughout the empty rooms of the stone palace. You stick your head through a crack in the wall and there’s the metal parts of an old Nazi ship and the sounds of something metal on metal banging relentlessly against each other under water. The light pours in muted through the stain glass windows. One of the stray dogs had wandered in.





The art of ruin, of things crumbling away into time but fat with ghosts, hidden spirits and monsters and demons folded in quantum pockets among the rubble. A draft of air caught coming through the autumn wood, a cold memory, the rust, the remnants of the face painted in the wall, rain-washed and snow washed over hundreds of orbits around the sun and flaking off into the dirt.



On the quay, we end our day with food. The Arab tourists are everywhere. The station for the horse and carriages is behind us somewhere. You can hear the clop of horse feet. the place is a hole in the wall, but crowded with locals. They serve piyaz and köfte only--it's amazing. The crowds, the food, the sunlight--we are out of the spell of the old mansions.



The Bienal: Part 2

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On Saturday, we went to Beyoğlu and Karaköy for Bienal exhibits. As I explained in my last entry, most of the installations are inside the city, not in a museum or a special venue but in the old mansions and köşks and historical buildings that normally are all boarded up or somehow else impossible to enter. A living part of Istanbul that makes the city and her past as much on display as the art. Each piece and place reflects and echoes some of the fear and darkness of the past, and of the present.


In Beyoğlu, we found an exhibit in a Greek mansion built in 1915. The artist has carved into what looks like slices of trees Armenian symbols and placed them in the ceiling. You lie on yoga mats on the floor and look up at them. The symbols are especially known by local "treasure" plunderers, for when the Armenians were driven out of their villages, they often hid their belongings somewhere in the landscape--or so it was believed--and marked or mapped out the location with these symbols carved into rocks. There are snakes and hawks and scorpions and ghostly figures marching in a line. The house itself is abandoned and dilapidated. You can wander all the floors. The walls themselves are works of art--layers and layers of colors painted one over the other and chipped and rotted and decayed.






Down the road from the Greek mansion, is an empty parking garage scheduled for demolition by the demolition-obsessed city government. Not that it's an architectural wonder or anything--just a vast empty gray space in which an exhibition consisting exclusively of sound has been installed. Clicks and drips and heartbeats and echoes of car noises fill the empty space. A blue collar place about to be gentrified into a upscale mall or hotel.



Down on Bank Street, a few Bienal exhibits are houses in the Salt Gallery, set in the gorgeous 19th century Neo Classic Ottoman Bank designed by Aléxandre Vallaury.


In the basement is an installation called "How Did We Get Here" about the censorship of books and life following the 1980 coup. It echoes what we are going through now--as journalists are attacked on the street, ordinary people are arrested for insulting Erdoğan during discussions in city parks, and a new campaign of coup-era nationalism has been revived resulting in war in the East and mob attacks on Kurds in the West. Among the titles censored by Turkey's military on "moral" grounds are Einstein's Theory of Relativity and the Plague by Albert Camus. The hatred of knowledge and science and intelligence and enlightenment is absolute.

In one section, artist Hale Tanger has reconstructed an apartment from the 1980s--complete with radio blasting military news and children's notebook filled with nationalist slogans and praises to Atatürk. All the rooms are Spartan, black and white, military clean--except for one. A small door leads to a closet full of hidden things--costumes, jeweled mirrors, colorful yarns. Soul and imagination and play stay cowered in the back.
Playing with the toys and costumes in the closet
In the Istanbul Modern, we see a young man with his shirt unbuttoned halfway down to his belly angrily approaching the young student workers one by one. "How dare you put something in this place that the State does not approve of!" he rants at one girl near the entrance. He spends at least an hour stomping from sign to sign, looking for the word "Armenian"--and every time he finds it, he harangues the nearest Bienal worker. It's almost a performance in itself. Will he come back with a mob and attack someone, burn something, kill someone even to deny there are killers in Turkey's past? Was he sent here by some government agency or just lone freak?

The angry young defender of the State

He hates this: A scroll painted with the crimson derived from an Anatolian insect. The secret of extracting the dye is known only now in Armenia. Drawings with the dye gradually give way to a more modern, industrial red--the red of the Turkish flag that blocks out the organic color of the past.


He hates this: a painting by an Australian, Vernon Ah Kee, who saw in the "violence in Turkey's East" a parallel with his government's oppression and massacres of the Aborigines, particularly the Palm Island riots of 2004.

This installation by Sonia Balassanian--an Iranian Armenian--particularly enraged the young man. It is tuff stone from quarries just over the Turkish border in Armenia, across from the ruins of Ani. Each one resembles a head and seems to recall the deportation and murder of Istanbul's Armenians in 1915 as well as the beheadings in the Middle East today. The man tells the young girl manning this installation, "You people have turned this place into a house to worship the Armenians and insult the motherland!"

Another exhibit takes the abstract economics data--graphs, charts, projections, and uses everyday materials to turn them into three dimensional forms. A rainbow colored pattern of sticks are the annual work fatalities in the coal industry, a three dimensional web of colored wire is a graph of industrial pollution over time. They are beautiful, and as Delal says, when I look at them, I get a strange feeling at the front of my forehead, like a part of my brain is developing that wasn't there before: the abstract ideas turned into math, turned into pictures, turned into toys.


One last exhibit is in the museum library, a thought experiment by Lebanese artist, Marwan Rechmaoui. It represents the kind of "partial censorship" prevalent in the world today, where the choices look like they are there, but nevertheless are not--a perfect metaphor for Turkey, where we are constantly being told by the government how free everything is and yet drowned in censorship. the library book shelves are covered with a clear plastic wall. In each section there is one slot where one book can (with difficulty) be pulled out and read. You can see all the others, but not touch them.

In the Italian high school is a film by a director from Inner Mongolia and a video by a German-Turk making a journey across Bulgaria to explore how the Ottoman past is remembered. From the top floor, glancing out the window toward the courtyard, you can see the vast ruins of the dilapidated French orphanage, now hidden behind other buildings in Beyoğlu. It's symbolic in itself--showing how behind the city's facades are gigantic relics of a past erased or purged.




10/10/2015 Ankara. After such knowledge, what forgiveness?

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Whatever I write will fail. But something has to be written, though the words have all been gutted. People say “massacre”, “murderer”, “barbarous”, “genocide”, “liar”, but we have been using those words for years, and they have exhausted their sting. So what’s left? Something hurts and we need something besides rhetoric and ideology to answer it.

Today, I was coming off the ferry in Kadıköy. It was windy on the wharf. There were the usual gypsy flower sellers, the simit stands, the Black Sea band by the water. Some schoolgirls were tossing bread to gulls and terns flying by the sea. A melancholy, beautiful blue sky reflected in the waves. Near the highway there was an AKP election tent. A group of men stood in front, holding pamphlets no one was taking. One disheveled, bearded man handed some brochures to a boy I assumed was his son. I stopped.

“Monsters,” I said aloud, reflexively. “Killers.” And the whole world seemed to go dark with hate.

The whole afternoon had changed.

Everything has changed.

I’ve never kept an enemy. When I think about it now, I’ve never truly hated anyone, not for very long and not for real, but for the past week a storm of violent thoughts has raged in my head, and they profoundly disturb me. Worse, I don’t really want them to go away.

Last week, over one hundred innocent people were blown to shreds in a bomb attack in the capital of Ankara. More have died since and countless others are lain up in the hospital. The victims were students and middle-aged mothers and grandfathers. There were two young newly weds and an eighty year old woman, one of Turkey’s “Saturday Mothers” who for years has protested the State’s disappearing of her son. They were all gathered for a peace march, to protest the renewed fighting between the Turkish Army and the PKK. Their bodies were literally blown apart, so that even days after the attack chunks of meat are still being found in the area around Ankara’s train station.

The people of the AKP party, the people I now stare at on this wharf, have been celebrating these murders.

A glance at the week’s news.

On Sunday, pop star Tuğba Ekinci tweets to President Erdoğanin response to the murders, “We should remake the East, take the clean people and put them in government housing and then bomb the rest to oblivion.”

On Wednesday night, in Konya, at a soccer game between Iceland and Turkey, the two teams stand on the field for a moment of silence to mourn the dead. The Turkish fans jeer and boo them. Some shout Allahu Akbar.

On Friday, former President Gül tweets, "If we cannot even express our sympathy, how can we still claim we will live together?" After the bombings, he had called HDP co-chairman Selahattin Demirtaş to express condolences and had been reprimanded by the AKP.

A media ban is issued. No one is allowed to report on the investigation on the bombing. Lawyers for the victims are banned from accessing their files. This does not apply to the government papers, who report daily on the results of the investigation. ISIS was working with the PKK, they say. The Kurds bombed themselves to get votes, they say. And then because these absurdities are the official news, foreign agencies pick them up and introduce their obscene assertions with phrases like “The Turkish press has determined…” “The Prime Minister’s Office says…”

You can only stand aghast at the way such malignant disinformation becomes news. It’s an abomination, a deliberate polluting of the memory of those who died.

The trouble is the foreign press can’t read the secret codes.

Days before the bombing, a mafia boss named Sedat Peker led a rally in Erdoğan’s hometown in Rize. He said to the maddened crowd, “We will make all of their blood flow like a flood!” On Thursday, he was awarded two police escorts by the state security bureau to guide him around—presumably to protect him from revenge attacks against those who “misconstrue” him as responsible. This is one of those things that someone not neck-deep in recent Turkish history would never get the significance of. This man worked with the state in the nineties—implicated in murder, racketeering, everything you can think of. He is what’s called a Turanist, a Turk who believes that the destiny of Turkey is to seize all the land belonging to Turks from Xinjiang to Anatolia and transform it into Lebensraum for the master race. People know, but have never proven, that he was involved in the Deep State assassinations of the 90s. People suspect, with good reason, the hand of the Deep State in this bombing, too. No one assigned an escort to Hrant Dink when he received direct assassination threats, and he was shot in front of his own office in a case that is still ongoing and implicates many government officials. And what does a mafia boss who controls a crime organization need with someone else’s security anyway? The assignment of state protection is a message to the country that most foreigners, and certainly the press wouldn’t understand. A sly wink.

And there are so many such messages.

Articles in Turkish newspapers reveal the names of the bombers. They had been tracked and bugged and followed by police for two years, taken into custody but not arrested because, quote, “there was not enough evidence against them,” despite the fact that their ISIS cell, the "Weavers" (Dokumacılar) had been infiltrated for months. The press calls this a "security lapse". Yet the same papers reported the arrest of three foreigners aid workers, helping Syrian refugees at the Bulgarian border—taken in for spying, working with Israel, and various other made up comic book crimes. And what about the arrests of thousands of Kurdish politicians in 2011 based on thousands of pages of phone taps? Or the arrest of people PROTESTING THE ANKARA MASSACRE? The message? Anyone living in Turkey knows that arrests are never made on the basis of real evidence. The security net, when they want it to be, is absolute. Letting these murderers roam free is a political choice, a chess move.

In Forbes, an article comes out that gives a paragraph to one of the forbidden eye-witness reports. A man was trying to help a woman who was bleeding to death. A cop yanked him off of her. “Don’t help them! They’re terrorists.” Others report that the police formed a line that prevented the crowd from escaping after the first bomb went off. In today’s paper, you read of a doctor massaging a man’s heart and being tear gassed by riot police who ran through the crowd of bleeding and dying beating and gassing whomever they found.  

One of these injured is my wife’s friend Gülşen. She is a young woman in her early thirties, barely five feet tall.  She lies in the hospital with a wound in her leg, infected because it is filled with bits of bone from other people. Because of the infection, she has been kept in isolation. She had assumed that the doctors were lying to her. That the wound wasn’t all that serious but that all her friends were dead and they were trying to protect her from this knowledge. For days, she waited for the “truth” that she was the only one left alive.

On Sunday, we went to the funeral of Kübra Meltem Mollaoğlu, a woman who worked at the Üsküdar HDP office with my wife. As the imam spoke prayers over the coffin, her twenty something daughter wailed and wailed, MOM! MOM! Something in the crowd broke when the pall-bearers began to carry it to the hearse. “MURDERER ERDOĞAN” they shouted. The men in the woman’s family tried to shush them. “Not here!” they hissed. Did they not approve of the chant or of the politicizing of the funeral? There were riot cops all along the street and a police helicopter overhead, monitoring the burial of this woman who chose to work for a cause that for the first time, offered something besides strongmen and race hate. Would the police attack? Would they let someone else attack? What was the point? What could these boys in their riot helmets be thinking?

When I consider these cops and that boy in the AKP tent, when I think of the fans in Konya jeering the moment of silence or that awful pop star. When I see the names of the police who gassed the dying in Ankara or think of the faces of the young men behind the helmets at the funeral, I want to see them suffer. I want them to go into prison and die under the torture that their kind used for years in Turkey’s prisons. And then I want the old religion to be right. I want to see their souls cast into the pit. I want to see them burn. I want to stand on the edge of the Pit with Azrael and hear them scream.

What ugliness they have awakened in my soul! In all of our souls. And I have no resistance any more, I don’t want to mediate, I don’t want to compromise or sit at a table and discuss our opposing views. This isn’t polarization anymore. This is a moral choice, to stand with monsters or against them. And I know how awful that sounds, how dehumanizing and demonizing, and what this government and the racism has done to me results in what I am now—someone sick with vengeance, who wants to feel this way, who is comforted by nothing else.

And if I feel that way, a newbie on the outskirts, what must countless others feel? For those still shouting peace I feel nothing but awe. There was a Kurdish woman whose video went viral on Twitter after the killings. She shouted, “We will have peace. Kill us, murderer us, butcher us. We will still have peace!”


I’m not that good anymore. If I ever was.


The Turkish Election--Observations from the Voting Precincts

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            After last night, I have to write something about this election. I am no political analyst, but it’s hard to know what to analyze anyway. The majority of the media is in the government’s hands now—including the channels that report election results--and most of the major foreign press agencies take their news right from them anyway. (I did learn that the lira rose a bit, with everyone praising “stability”. Money is amoral.)

            But let me say this. The official national election board, the YSK, said that the final election results would not be released for another two weeks. Their website, where we followed the results rather easily on June 7th, was shut down most of last night. Add to that the idea that the AK Party, within a few months, supposedly raised their percentage of the votes from 40 to 50—mainly through the leaking of votes to them from all the opposition parties. Never mind that most of the opposition parties are diametrically opposed to the AK Party. More importantly, they are all radically different from one another. So how could similar conditions cause the green, leftist, minority HDP party to give votes to the AKP and the borderline fascist nationalist, right wing religious MHP to do the same? And of course, reports of fraud and vote meddling pour in on Twitter and other social media sites.  Sour grapes? Maybe a little.

            I’d like to explain at least what I personally saw and experienced.

            Yesterday morning I showed up around 6:30 in the morning at a school near our house, the election precinct where my wife would be working.  I could not do anything official, of course, but I could at least provide moral support and run errands, fetching water and what not. Our ballot box was manned by a ballot committee made up of four women. There were two from the CHP (Republican People’s Party), one from the ruling AK party and one from the election monitoring organization Oy ve Ötesi (The Vote and Beyond). There was also a civil servant, himself from the AK Party and another guy that just showed up out of nowhere, neither election observer nor member of the ballot committee.  He took every opportunity to help count ballots, move envelopes, arrange the ballot box and in short, touch the official papers as much as possible. I am pretty sure that this is illegal, but no one heeded the objections. I didn’t catch him doing anything shady, however.

The little irregularities.

During the day, I personally heard at least two people take pictures of their ballots while in the ballot booth. This is a common tactic. You take a picture and send it to the AKP who then pays you for your vote. They were warned and the incidents were entered in the minutes, but there was little else to be done.  The votes stood. And this was DESPITE the fact that their cellphones had been confiscated, which means they had a second phone hidden away to do the job. I am pretty sure two more men did the same thing, though we didn’t hear the camera click. One of them came in with his arm around the other, shouting rather loudly, “You know who to vote for! You know what to do!” and then for good measure, walked him to the voting booth and whispered something in his ear. When he was warned by the committee that no attempt at persuasion was allowed and commanded to step away from the booth, he told them it was okay because, “I am a committee chairman here.” My impression, from the way they were acting, was that the two men had just met.

Another man brought in his Down’s Syndrome daughter. Technically, she gets to vote on her own, but the father insisted she needed his help and raised such a fuss, shouting and threatening the committee, which in turn set his daughter screaming too, that he bullied his way into the voting booth at her side. Two votes for him.

At about three o’clock, the hallways filled with groups of young men roaming randomly. I caught them in the bathroom smoking and writing tweets—Aktrolls? I wasn’t sure, but then three of them showed up in our ballot box around 15 minutes till the closing of the vote. “We are observers,” they said grinning, arms around each other. “We’re going to make sure everything goes like it should.” When the committee chairperson asked for their cards, they showed her IDs for the AKP. One of them wouldn’t show her anything, and they left. In the meantime four men from the AKP came in to monitor the vote count—this brought the total AKP representation to seven people to every other party’s one.

The little guy who had been there illegally touching things since the morning took it upon himself to open the ballot envelopes. He wanted “to help”. As the ballots were counted, another little man in a purple tie suddenly muscled his way into the room, shouting and gesticulating wildly at the committee chairperson.

“You will pay for this insult,” he said, slamming his fist down on the ballot boxes. “You don’t know who you’re dealing with.”

The chairperson kept her cool. “I’m sorry sir, but what is your complaint?”

“You’re saying the AKP.”

“Yes?”

“You are insulting our president and his party!”

“I’m sorry?”

“You will call it the Justice and Democracy Party! You will not use an acronym! Maybe you do that with your friends on the streets but not here! You’ll pay for that insult! Don’t you know who you are dealing with? I’ll make you pay!”

Please keep in mind that this is in a country where a 13 year old was recently sentences to prison for “insulting” the president. In any case, no one could understand what he was going on about. But I had read in the HDP’s election instructions that one tactic of the AKP was to start fights around ballot counting time, provoking representatives of the opposition into doing something that would get them thrown out. And indeed, he almost succeeded. The woman who represented the CHP almost charged him and had to be held back. He’d asked her if she and her mother, who was sitting in the room as well, would enjoy being called the “Party of the Idiots.” He came in twice and tried the same thing. Security was called but did not come. The lawyers were called and laughed at the man’s complaint, but no one could get him out. The AKP man sitting next to me finally winked at him and said, “We have this room taken care of brother, don’t worry.”

Around six o’clock when our ballot box was only half way counted, the groups of young men outside began shouting victory slogans for the AKP. They paraded the parking lot in their cars and honked horns flashing hand signs and chanting the President’s name. Soon after, the government controlled news agencies—which are the only agencies we have these days—began announcing results. Startling, incredible victories for the AKP! Almost immediately, several observers from the opposition parties left—though the votes had not been fully counted! Almost no monitors for the last of the process.

I helped my wife gather the minutes from the ballot boxes. At 9:30, they were still not all in. One extra vote popping up here, one disappearing there—a normal thing when you dealing with all this counting probably.

The ballots were all put in a sack to be taken to the central committee. Technically, each ballot box was accompanied by the committee chairman for that box and two other representatives from different parties. The last two ballot boxes were on their way out the door and we asked all the non AKP party members who was going to accompany the ballots. Oy ve Ötesi was gone. A woman with the CHP said that she was sure someone from her party was going, but that she couldn’t. When we asked around, we discovered that no one was going. They all thought someone else would do it. Everyone was moping over the terrible loss though the votes had not all been counted by a long shot—and so they were leaving the last of the ballots to a vanload of over 10 AKP women! This was another tactic the HDP’s election brochure warned about—early announcements of victory to demoralize you and cause you NOT to follow the vote count or the safe delivery of the ballots. And it worked. Not one CHP from our school rode with those ballots. We ended up riding along by default, promising the CHP woman to keep an eye on things.

The police drove. Remember all security forces are firmly in the hands of the president personally. Instead of going down the road next to the school which took you on a straight shot to the election center, they took a round about route that wound us past the president’s house and got us stuck in a crowd of hysterical young men waving AKP flags from their cars. Almost certainly on purpose—this circuitous route. I couldn’t help but marvel at the malleability of young men. All these boys cheering this wealthy autocrat—and why? What for? They are so easily militarized and fanaticized. What the fuck is wrong with my gender?

At election central, where the ballots are handed over to officials—we accompanied a group of five AKP women. When they turned in the bag full of votes, they formed a barrier with their bodies around the table that my wife tried to muscle her way through—but one of them literally blocked her with her shoulder. I don’t know if anything shady went on here, either, but the man they gave the ballot minutes to pointed out that none of them had been signed and then said something about one of the numbers being wrong. He pointed to the tally sheet and said, “You have to follow this!” and then wrote over one of the numbers on the minutes. The AKP ladies did not object.

And then we went to the HDP office and watched Selahattin Demirtaş and Figen Yüksekdağ deliver the party’s official stance on the results. Essentially, things would be investigated and an official report released, but it looked like they were accepting the results for now. Both did emphasize that this was a victory for the HDP.

Why?

Over 190 HDP offices and Kurdish business had been attacked by mobs, in some cases burned down. Dozens of party officials had been arrested in weekly “antiterror” operations. The media had been seized by the government and all its organs devoted to a smear campaign against the HDP (the latest slander, for example, being that American intelligence was behind the HDP’s campaign—what campaign?—an accusation which even awoke our embassy from its slumber and inspired a very angry retort deploring the ‘despicable lies’). Finally, two massacres, most likely with some official collusion, had killed over 100 of our people and terrified the whole nation. Campaigns and meetings were canceled out of concern for the safety of the attendees. And finally, the ongoing war in the Southeast. On election day, many Kurdish villages were unable to vote at all. Gendarmes blocked the roads and told them they couldn't leave because there was an "operation." In spite of all of this, the HDP crossed the 10% threshold and made it into parliament.

I have seen a few Westerners express a hope that this election will spell an end to the “polarization” of the last few months. I take issue with that word. Polarization implies two equally uncompromising sides. It implies that if they would just sit down at a table and try to understand one another’s position, they might realize how unreasonable they’re being and how compromise will save the day. I don’t think you can use this word when one side is so much more powerful than the other. When they use that power to deliberately radicalize their followers, because they know that makes them more powerful. When they allow the murder of their own citizens to achieve political aims.  When they hire the mobs and arm them and lead them to the kill. When those mobs are so willing to do the job.


Among ordinary citizens maybe it’s polarization, but those gangs of boys stick in my mind—wave after wave last night roaming the streets of Üsküdar.

Diyarbekir Diaries – Rojnivîska Amedê, Day One

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Diyarbekir Diaries – Rojnivîska Amedê

Fall break has begun, and we have come to Diyarbekir to visit my sister-in-law who is working in the city as a translator. Inspired by her ”Boston Diaries”, I have decided to keep a daily record of our stay in the unofficial capital of Kurdistan. Maybe I can shed some casual light on a city on the edge of several Middle Easter conflagrations.

Day 1

We get off the plane at 2:00 PM. The airport is brand spanking new—having only just opened two weeks ago. Parts of it are still under construction. F-15s sit on the runway along with commercial jets. There’s some sort of garden-like thing under way in the arrival lounge. It looked like a cross between a Zen rock garden and a putt-putt golf course. There were swathes of raked sand winding through astroturf, all shut off by panes of glass like a green house.

Hilal was doing an interview with Diyarbekir's women’s soccer team and we were to meet her at the sports center. We hopped in a taxi and asked him to stop by an Akbank ATM on the way.

“I’m not sure I know where there is one,” he said. “Not the way we’re going. I’m terribly sorry, ma’am.”

We were coming from Istanbul where there was an ATM at least every 100 feet. He told us, no problem. If we wanted, we could just pay him the day we went back to the airport.

“How’s that?” Delal asked.

“Well you’re leaving, right? You’ll need to go back to the airport.”

“Not for a week!”

“That's fine. You can pay me then.”

And that is the best introduction I can give to Diyarbakir.

My sister-in-law lives in the apartment once occupied by our good friend and Kurdistan’s top foreign correspondent, Frederike Geerdink. (Anything I write here is done in her shadow, and with much respect and in debtedness) At the beginning of the Fall, she was run out of the country for “supporting terrorism” or some such nonsense—her actual crime being, of course, writing things that the state didn’t like. It was odd going into her house without her. Her office (where I am writing from) is untouched, as if she might come breezing through the door at any minute. Her book still sit stacked on her desk. Her schedule still waits for attention, things to do in a list on a dry erase board. There is a haunted feeling about the place, or perhaps, more accurately, a de-haunted feeling, as if a resident spirit has been ripped out.


From Frederike’s balcony we could see a huge park, full of maple, sycamores and acacias on fire with the last yellows and reds of Autumn. After having a snack, we made our way down to the park and strolled around. What struck me first was that all the signs were in Kurdish, and Kurdish only. In the mornings, a group of women do Pilates on the grass, apparently. Now some kids were playing volleyball and people sipped tea next to duck-filled fountains. We ran into two old men sitting on a bench and playing checkers using different colored rocks they had found on the ground. Their board was a card board box on which one of them had drawn squares. In the center of the park was a huge statue with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights engraved upon it in Turkish. Diyarbekir is a political city.

At the end of the park was the clothing store Heft Reng—"Seven Colors", a store that sells traditional Kurdish cil û berg (clothes) along with modern T-shirts with captions in Kurdish. I love to go here every time I visit because it is the only place I have found where people actually want me to casually speak Kurdish to them and will tolerate my mistakes and slow sentences. I know very little of the language but it is always exciting to be able to shop and pick out something in a new language.

We stopped in Aram Book Store at the end of the park to have a look around and have a tea. My sister-in-law met up with us there and brought along a friend, Hasan. Hasan was apparently a writer and had recently published a book on philosophy. We sat for an hour and talked politics. The walls were decorated with pictures of Kurdish writers and poets. Two in particular captured my attention, one because I like the poem, the other because I could understand her poem.


The first was a poem by Şêrko Bêkeş:

If, from among my poems,
You remove a single rose,
Then one season
Of my four seasons dies.
If you remove a lover
Two of them die.
If you remove bread
Three of them die.
And if you remove my freedom
Then my years die,
And
I, myself, will die as well.

The second from the female poet Evrim Alataş

As long as you
Don’t understand the Kurds’ ambition
You cannot
Understand a thing
About the Kurds.

After the book store we went to the theatre. This was the last day of the city’s theatre festival (Festîvala Şanoyê) and they were performing a modern dance piece about Leyla Bedirxan, a Kurdish woman who lived in Paris. She was the daughter of an exile, raised in Turkey, Egypt and Europe and master of dance. The troupe’s name was Mesopotamia Dance and they were performing a fairly abstract piece about her life. 


We boarded a minibus to the City Hall where the performance was taking place. An odd thing happened on the way. We passed by one of the ubiquitous police "scorpion" tanks and suddenly there was a loud pop. We thought a tire had blown, but suddenly the air filled with tear gas. The streets were dark, no demonstrations were anywhere near, no people, for that matter, and yet it seemed that the scorpion had fired a gas canister into the empty street. The driver commanded everyone to "close the windows" and floored it--speeding us through the gas without even a slight burning sensation to disturb us. Such maneuvers were clearly old hat. 

Upon arrival at the theater, I learned quickly that whatever peculiarities governed life in Istanbul, they were intensified here. We bought out tickets for a dollar only to find a house literally packed to the walls with nowhere to sit. No one seemed to mind and so we chose a place at the back and stood, leaning against the wall.


It opened with darkness and the sounds of thunder and of a house creaking and straining under the brunt of a storm. A spotlight fell on a woman lying on the stage and the snap of boards breaking and glass shattering filled the air. She moved her body to every noise, to every rumble and crack. She seemed to possess absolute control over every muscle in her body. We were impressed. 



Videos here and here.

The rest of the performance was gorgeous, one woman and three young men, sometimes dancing in synch and sometimes in a kind of round of body movements, one cascading off the other. At the end, the crowd leapt to their feet and the city’s co-mayor, Gülten Kışanak appeared on stage with red roses. This woman is one of my favourite politicians in Turkey. I will never forget the elegance of her speech in Parliament during the Hunger Strike and how, without breaking stride, she silenced the rightwing nationalist men trying to shout her down with a simple but effective, “Shut your mouths! Shut your mouths! Shut your mouths!” Childish words maybe, but spoken with such command and dignity that they did shut up, as they never had before.


The dancers on stage with Gülten Kışanak


Diyarbekir Diaries – Rojnivîska Amedê Day Two

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Diyarbekir Diaries – Rojnivîska Amedê

We awoke early this morning--around nine or so, to full on summer level sunlight. It poured in from all directions and was warm enough for me to walk around in a T-shirt. All three of us, still in pijamas, immediately dove into the news. Last night, after I finished this blog, just a few kilometers away, someone had apparently attempted to assassinate Selahattin Demirtaş, the co-chairman of the opposition HDP party. A bullet hole was found in the rear window of his car. If they had succeeded, the whole country could have been plunged into a civil war. The governor of Diyarbekir province (an AKP appointee) denied that it was a bullet hole, of course. 

After news and politics, we had our breakfast on the balcony overlooking the park. As we ate, two F16s passed overhead--on their way to God-knows-where from the Diyarbakir military airport, to bomb Kurds in Iraq (most likely) or perhaps somebody else in Syria. Hilal made a kind of herbed French toast, and as we ate, I watched the goings on in the park below. One jogger, a kid spinning an trashcan and startling a cat, two old men chatting on a bench, a pair of speed walking girls, a group of student boys in uniform walking and chatting, one of them in front of the others, walking backward to face his friends and gesturing excitedly.


Delal and I decided to stroll around the new city, not the touristy part, just to see what we ran into in terms of ordinary life. We took a road behind the apartment complex and passed onto a wide sidewalk lined with Acacia trees. The fall weather was pitch-perfect--sunny, slightly cool, crisp air. Pairs of students strolled to school arm in arm.

We passed by a high school in the neighborhood of Bağlar. Back in 2012, at a protest during the height of the Kurdish hunger strikes, I had met a boy from here who told me that this was the poorest neighborhood in the city. He said that the police loved to target Bağlar and once, during a protest when he was twelve, he'd watched them chase down and kill one of his friends. I wondered if this was the school? The graffiti on the walls around here, I think, explains a lot about the place somehow. The usual names of lovers separated by hearts, lists of school friends names, and political slogans praising Rojava, the HPG, the PKK, and Demirtaş (nicknamed Selo). On one wall a name has been painted over and the rest of the sentence, "is a novel that has not yet reached its end," now lies subjectless and seems to apply to everyone here. Just down the road is an advertisement for Salsa classes with the slogan "And our souls remained free..." 



We stopped in the chic neighborhood known as Ofis (Office) for a cup of menengiç coffee. Menengiç is something you find all over Eastern Turkey. It is a creamy kind of coffee made from the roasted terebinth berry, a bitter relative of the pistachio. The cafe was called "Ares", the god of war. Out front along a stone wall, someone had lined up three nargile pipes--red, green, and yellow. When I took a picture, the waiter told me to hold up.

"It's not in the right order," he said. "Let me fix it."

He rearranged the pipes so that they went in the proper Kurdish order according to the slogan, kesk sor û zer (green, red and yellow)--the colors of the Kurdish flag. When he'd finished, he put his hand on his hips and smiled. "Now you can take a picture." 

kesk sor û zer
Menengiç--with a side of chocolate pebbles and Turkish delight at the Ares Cafe


A few months ago, I got in an argument on Twitter with a well known journalist who had written an article where she'd insisted that Diyarbekir had become like a foreign country--with everything having become so Kurdish and so other that when you ran across a Turkish restaurant you found yourself as surprised as when you saw a kebab shop in Paris. Given the Turks paranoia about the Kurds always trying to divide their country, I thought this was an exaggerated and irresponsible thing to write, knowing how it could easily provoke and mislead a people already quite confused and deluded about what was really going on here. She countered by asking if I had reported on this place for over ten years, if I had been there in the 90s, if I was as experienced and as big an expert as her. Well, as I said then, no, but with a few pictures from our wanderings on the street, I think you can see there isn't much all that foreign for a Turkish street (sadly). One need not be an expert to look around and see what's right in front of your face--the same Ceylan Kuafors, Mehmet Avukats and Tarihi Cafes as in Istanbul.

The ubiquitous restaurant in Turkish that is supposedly so surprising to see--I love that the meat is cooked on a wood fire. The man feeds logs into the flame.

Bank Street in Ofis--with tons of Döner, Lahmacun, and Çiğ Köfte restaurants that you find all over the country.

But there is definitely a different vibe in Diyarbakır--something more relaxed, friendlier than Istanbul or any city in the west of Turkey. Paying always seems to an option--if you have the money, and the sums are negotionable. 25 lira--oh you only have two twenties? Give me one then. Behind the wall of buildings on Bank Street was a maze of tea gardens in the shade of acacia trees. We bought different kinds of pistachio filled baklava from a street vendor and took them to a little table under a tree in the back. No one was bothered that we'd brought in food from the outside. We ordered teas and watched a couple of cats bathe themselves under a grafitti or what apparently looked like a vomiting fish.


Just down the street was the Monday Bazaar--full of all the usual suspects of the Istanbul bazaar with a few surprises. A pumpkin yellow on the inside, purple carrots, pink pomengranates and deep red persimmons.


We passed through a park--the sycamore trees bright yellow, the leaves raining down, fluttering and fluttering. A couple of old ladies chatted on a bench near a sign advertising food in Kurdish. We run into these signs from time to time--they fill the park across the street from our apartment, but we hadn't seen many in Ofis until this moment.

Women's Labor Food Place--simple and direct I guess














Hilal had been working in the old city, called Sur İçi (Inside the Walls), named because it is located in the medieval black basalt walls that surround the historic quarters. It is here that young people--male and female--have blocked off streets with sandbags and trenches and declared their streets independent of the Turkish state. It is here that clashes between the police, the army, and these youth have resulted in the deaths of citizens and soldiers. And yet, walking past the famous Hasan Paşa Han or the shoe shine market you would never know anything was afoot.

We met Hilal at an old Caravansaray called "Sülüklü Han"--the Leech Caravansaray. According to the sign, there used to be a well from which doctors would extract leeches to bleed their patients. A plaque on the gate explains the history in all the languages of the people of Diyarbekir--Assyrian, Armenian, Kurmanci, Zazaki, Arabic, and Armenian. This is anathema anywhere else in Turkey where the mentality is ONE LANGUAGE, ONE PEOPLE, ONE RELIGION. Anything else menas the country will be divided by whatever mysterious powers you blame for everything.

Sülüklü Han is located in the middle of the blacksmiths market--sparks fly across the gate next door from where a smithy is forging spiked dog collars. Hilal has brought a long a friend who explains an interview he had with the women's football team who believed that their rivals from Iğdir at a recent match might actually have been men, or at least on hormones. They were too aggressive, the women had insisted, too violent.

The tea seller in the blacksmiths quarter
The door of 6 languages
We ended our night on the city with a dinner of shish kebabed liver--for which the city is famous. Absolutely delicious! 

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